France - Burgundy - Chablis Flashcards
Describe the typical style of wine (variety, sweetness, body, alcohol, acidity, aromas, oak, quality, price)
- Chardonnay
- Dry
- Medium body
- Medium alcohol
- High acidity
- Green apple and lemon fruit
- No or minimal oak
- Good to outstanding quality
- Mid- to premium priced
History
Briefly describe the three phases of Chablis (incl. area under vine)
- Early 19th century: Boom due to proximity to Paris
- 19th century: Challenges of phylloxera and powdery mildew (shrinking of area under vine)
- Mid 20th century: Rural depopulation and frost of 1945 (Chablis only 500 ha)
- Recently: demand led to area under vine growing back to 5,500 ha
What is the climate?
Continental (cold winters, warm summers)
What influence does the climate have on grape growing?
- Uncertainty of ripening
- Large vintage variation
What is the avg. rainfall and what is a risk of it?
- 670mm spread throughout the year
- High threat of fungal diseases
What two other hazards are a problem?
- Spring frost
- Hail storms
What are options for managing spring frost?
- Smudge pots: smoky, causes air pollution, requires staff in the vineyard
- Sprinklers (‘aspersion’): most popular but costly (premiers crus, grand cru)
- Pruning choices: later pruning promotes later bud-burst
What are the two main soil types?
- Limestone
- Clay
What are the two most used rootstocks and what are their characteristics?
- 41B (vinifera x berlandieri): High limestone tolerance
- 420A (riparia x berlandieri): Low vigour and tolerance to high pH soils
What is the typical trellising system?
Double Guyot (if frost hits, one cane may survive)
How is harvest typically conducted?
- Mostly mechanized
- Grand Crus by hand (very steep)
What is Kimmeridgian soil?
Soil with a high amount of fossilized seashells
List the four Chablis appellations
- Petit Chablis
- Chablis
- Chablis Premier Cru
- Chablis Grand Cru
Where are the vineyards in Petit Chablis and Chablis mostly located?
- Flat land or gentle slope
- North-facing slopes
What is the typical style of Petit Chablis and Chablis wines? (body, acidity, intensity, aromas)
- Light body
- High acidity
- Light (Petit) to medium (Chablis) intensity
- Green apple, lemon