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WSET Level 4 - D3 > France - Northern Rhône - Wine Regions > Flashcards

France - Northern Rhône - Wine Regions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • Moderate continental
  • Adequate rainfall, mainly in autumn and winter
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2
Q

What influence does the cold Mistral wind have?

A
  • Reduces fungal diseases
  • Decreases vine vigor
  • Lower yields and higher concentration
  • Lower production
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3
Q

Where are the best vineyards located?

A

On steep slopes -> better sunlight interception and drainage

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4
Q

What are the appellations from north to south?

A
  • Côte Rôtie
  • Condrieu
  • Saint-Joseph
  • Hermitage
  • Crozes-Hermitage
  • Cornas
  • Saint-Péray
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5
Q

How are wines from Northern Rhône outside of the appellations labeled?

A

Collines Rhodaniennes IGP

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6
Q

Côte Rôtie
What type of wines does it produce?

A

Red only

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7
Q

Côte Rôtie
Describe the typical vineyard sites and its characteristics

A
  • Steep slopes, often terraced
  • East and south-east facing -> sunlight interception and shelter from winds
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8
Q

Côte Rôtie
What ensures ripening of grapes?

A
  • High levels of sunlight and heat
  • Rapid drainage
  • Poor, stony soils
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9
Q

Côte Rôtie
What are problems with vineyards?

A
  • Much of the work by hand
  • Erosion is a constant problem
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10
Q

Côte Rôtie
How are the vines trained?

A

Single- or double-Guyot trained and tied to one or two poles (known locally as échalas)

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11
Q

Côte Rôtie
Who helped with the reputation and what is the typical quality and price of wines?

A
  • Etienne Guigal with single-vineyard Côte-Rôties (initially La Mouline and La Landonne)
  • Robert Parker’s high scores
  • Very good to outstanding quality
  • Premium and super-premium prices
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12
Q

Côte Rôtie
How much area under vine is there?

A

250 ha

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13
Q

Côte Rôtie
What is the typical planting density and max yield?

A
  • 10,000 vines per ha
  • Max yield: 40 hL/ha
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14
Q

Côte Rôtie
What are the grape varieties?

A
  • Syrah
  • Up to 20% Viognier (often no Viognier at all)
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15
Q

Côte Rôtie
What style is it known for and how is it compared to other appellations?

A
  • Pronounced aromas
  • Typically softer and less full-bodied than other appellations
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16
Q

Condrieu
What are the grape varieties and max yields?

A
  • Viognier only
  • Max yield: 41 hL/ha
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17
Q

Condrieu
Where are vineyards located, what is the soil, what is their aspect, and what does that mean?

A
  • Steep, low fertility, rocky slopes
  • Often terraced
  • Challenges from erosion and wind
  • Often south-facing
  • Enhances fruit ripening
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18
Q

Condrieu
How much area under vine does the appellation have?

A

197 ha

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19
Q

Condrieu
Describe fermentation vessel, malo, and ageing

A
  • Mostly stainless steel or large wooden vessels
  • Some use small barrels
  • Usually Malo conducted
  • Aged on lees for 10–12 months, often with lees stirring
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20
Q

Condrieu
What is the typical quality and price?

A
  • Very good to outstanding quality
  • Premium to super-premium price
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21
Q

Saint-Joseph
What are two highly regarded producers?

A
  • Jean-Louis Chave
  • Domaine Gonon
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22
Q

Saint-Joseph
What is the historical heart of the region?

A

The lieu-dit “Saint-Joseph”

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23
Q

Saint-Joseph
What types of wines are produced?

A

Red (90%)

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24
Q

Saint-Joseph
What is the max yield?

A

40 hL/ha

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25
Q

Saint-Joseph
What can be added to the red wines?

A
  • Marsanne and Roussanne are allowed in small proportions
  • In practice: quite rare
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26
Q

Saint-Joseph
What is the typical quality and price?

A
  • Good wines at mid-price
  • Very good to outstanding at premium and super- premium prices
27
Q

Hermitage
What is the area under vine?

A

Small (137 ha)

28
Q

Hermitage
What type of wine is produced?

A

2/3 Red
1/3 White

29
Q

Hermitage
Where is it situated? What is the topography and what are the soils?

A
  • Hill on the left bank (river flows south)
  • South-facing slope
  • Sun + protection from cold winds
  • Dry vineyards with thin, stony soils
30
Q

Hermitage
What is the typical style? (intensity, tannins, ageing)

A
  • Pronounced intensity
  • High tannins
  • Great longevity
31
Q

Hermitage
What are the max yields for red and white wines?

A
  • Red: 40 hL/ha
  • White: 45 hL/ha
32
Q

Hermitage
How are red wines fermented and aged?

A
  • Stems often included
  • Warm fermentation temperatures
  • Lengthy oak ageing (12–18 months)
  • Usually some new oak and medium to large wooden vessels
33
Q

Hermitage
What grape varieties are used for white wines?

A
  • Typically a majority of Marsanne with some Roussanne
  • OR pure Marsanne
34
Q

Hermitage
How are white wines fermented and aged?

A
  • Fermentation in old wood, new or old oak barrels or in stainless steel
  • Maturation in oak (minority new) or stainless steel
  • Aged on lees for 10–12 months
35
Q

Hermitage
Are the whites suitable for ageing?

A
  • Yes
  • Can develop rich, creamy, and nutty flavours with outstanding complexity
36
Q

Hermitage
What can be produced in very ripe years?

A

A rare Vin de Paille is made (a sweet wine made by drying the grapes off the vine)

37
Q

Hermitage
What are the most important négociants, co-operatives, and producers?

A
  • Négociants: Chapoutier and Jaboulet
  • Co-operatives: Cave de Tain
  • Producers: Jean-Louis Chave
38
Q

Hermitage
What is the typical quality and price of red and white wines?

A
  • Very good to outstanding quality
  • Mostly super- premium in price
39
Q

Hermitage
What is the appellation most known for?

A

The world’s most structured and long-lived Syrah wines

40
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
Where is it located? What is the area under vine? How big is the appellation?

A
  • Left bank (river flows from north to south), surrounding Hermitage
  • 1,700 ha
  • Largest appellation in the northern Rhône
41
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
How is the climate in the north of the appellation?

A
  • Continental climate
  • Can be extremely cold in winter
  • Strong influence from Mistral
  • Long growing season
  • High diurnal range
  • Moderate sugar accumulation
  • Retained acidity
42
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
How is the climate in the south of the appellation?

A
  • More temperate
  • Risk of heavy rainfall in late autumn and through the winter
43
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
How does the soil and resulting wines compare to Hermitage?

A
  • Deeper soils
  • More fertile
  • Wines with lower concentration
44
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
What is the max yield?

A

45 hL/ha

45
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
What is the quality and price of wines?

A
  • Mostly good to very good and mid-priced
  • Some premium-priced, high-quality wines
46
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
How are red wines made?

A
  • Fermentation on skins
  • Mainly in concrete tanks or stainless steel
  • Maturation in these tanks or large oak vessels
47
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
What is the typical style of red wine? (ageing, tannin)

A
  • Early drinking
  • Medium tannins
48
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
How much white wine is produced, from what grapes, and in what vessels?

A
  • 9%
  • Marsanne, Roussanne
  • Top example aged in wood and some new barrels
49
Q

Crozes-Hermitage
What is the typical quality and price of white wines?

A
  • Good to very good quality (some outstanding)
  • Mid- to premium priced
50
Q

Cornas
What is the climate, aspect and topography?

A
  • Mediterranean
  • South and east facing amphitheatre
  • Protection from cold winds
51
Q

Cornas
What type of wine is produced, from what varieties?

A

ONLY red from Syrah

52
Q

Cornas
What is the max yield?

A

40 hL/ha

53
Q

Cornas
What is the area under vine?

A

145 ha

54
Q

Cornas
What are three top producers?

A
  • Domaine Alain Voge
  • Domaine Vincent Paris
  • Domaine Auguste Clape
55
Q

Cornas
What is the typical quality and price?

A
  • Very good to outstanding
  • Premium to super-premium price
56
Q

Saint-Péray
Where is it located and what is the climate?

A
  • Most southerly appellation
  • Slightly cooler climate than neighbors
57
Q

Saint-Péray
What are the varieties?

A
  • Mostly Marsanne
  • Some Roussanne
58
Q

Saint-Péray
What is the max yield?

A

45 hL/ha

59
Q

Saint-Péray
How are the wines produced?

A
  • Stainless steel or in oak barrels
  • Aged in the same or in large old oak vessels
  • Higher quality wines, aged on the lees for 10–12 months
  • Some lees stirring
60
Q

Saint-Péray
What is the quality and price of wines?

A
  • Good to very good quality
  • Mid- to premium priced
61
Q

Collines Rhodaniennes IGP
What type of wines are produced?

A
  • Red
  • White
  • Rosé
62
Q

Collines Rhodaniennes IGP
Where do the grapes come from?

A

Northern Rhône outside the appellations

63
Q

Collines Rhodaniennes IGP
What is the max yield?

A

80 hL/ha

64
Q

Collines Rhodaniennes IGP
What are the requirements and price?

A
  • Other grape varieties allowed
  • Mid- to premium priced

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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