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WSET Level 4 - D3 > Greece - Wine Regions > Flashcards

Greece - Wine Regions Flashcards

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1
Q

In what three areas are the PDOs located?

A
  • Macedonia
  • Peloponnese
  • Islands in the Aegean Sea
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2
Q

Macedonia
Where is it located?

A

Northern border of the country

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3
Q

Macedonia
What is the climate?

A
  • Mountains: Continental
  • Plain: Mediterranean
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4
Q

Macedonia
What is the avg. rainfall? (mountains and in the plain)

A
  • Mountains: 650-700mm
  • Plain: drier (rain shadow of mountains)
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5
Q

Macedonia
What are the two leading PDOs in the mountain area?

A
  • Naoussa
  • Amynteo
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6
Q

Macedonia
What is the soil type in the plain area?

A

Fertile soils

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7
Q

Macedonia
What type of quality comes from the plain area?

A
  • Mostly higher-volume, but some good to very good examples
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8
Q

Macedonia
What are the two PGIs from the plain area that produce higher quality wines?

A
  • Drama
  • Kavala
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9
Q

Macedonia
What style of wine is the Drama valley known for?

A

High-quality, full-bodied Bordeaux blends

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10
Q

Macedonia
What other variety wines are produced in Drama and Kavala?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Assyrtiko
  • Malagousia
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11
Q

Macedonia
What varieties are grown in the PDOs Naoussa and Amynteo?

A

100% Xinomavro

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12
Q

PDO Naoussa
Where is it located and at what altitude?

A
  • Mount Vermio (south-eastern slopes)
  • 150-400m altitude
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13
Q

PDO Naoussa
What is the typical style? (variety, acidity, tannins, complexity, ageing, quality, price)

A
  • Xinomavro
  • High acidity
  • High tannins
  • Great complexity
  • Potential to age for decades
  • Good to outstanding
  • Mostly mid-priced (some premium)
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14
Q

PDO Naoussa
Name two significant producers

A
  • Thymiopoulos Vineyards
  • Kir-Yianni
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15
Q

PDO Naoussa
Describe the recent trends in winemaking and grape growing

A
  • Modern style with deeper color and less tannins (cold soaking/whole-bunch fermentation)
  • Village or single-vineyard wines (due to micro climates)
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16
Q

PDO Amynteo
Where is it located?

A

Mount Vermio (north-western side - opposite to Naoussa)

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17
Q

PDO Amynteo
At what altitudes are vineyards located?

A

570-750m altitude

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18
Q

PDO Amynteo
Describe the climate based on where the vineyards are located

A

Northerly aspect: Cold northerly winds, leading to cool summers and cold winters

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19
Q

PDO Amynteo
What moderates the cold temperatures?

A

Several lakes nearby

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20
Q

PDO Amynteo
What are problems of vineyards closer to the lakes?

A
  • Increased risk of rot
  • More fertile soil
  • Yields have to be controlled
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21
Q

PDO Amynteo
What is the typical style compared to Naoussa? (body, tannins, aromas, quality, price)

A
  • Lighter in body
  • Lower in tannins
  • The best have floral notes
  • Good to very good
  • Mid-priced
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22
Q

PDO Amynteo
Name a significant producer

A

Alpha Estate

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23
Q

Peloponnese
What and where is it?

A

Peninsula in the southern part of the Greek mainland

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24
Q

Peloponnese
What percentage of vineyard plantings is located here?

A

30%

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25
Q

Peloponnese
What are the most significant PDOs?

A
  • Nemea
  • Mantinia
26
Q

Peloponnese
What is the climate and how is it moderated?

A
  • Moderate temperatures
  • Moderated by altitude
27
Q

Peloponnese
What type of soil is there?

A

Mostly poor, rocky soils

28
Q

Peloponnese
Besides the PDO Nemea, what white grapes dominate this area?

A
  • Moschofilero
  • Roditis
29
Q

Peloponnese
What type of wines and from what grapes are wines outside the PDOs produced?

A
  • Large volumes of inexpensive wines
  • Esp. from Roditis and Agiorgitiko
30
Q

PDO Nemea
What grape varieties are allowed?

A

100% Agiorgitiko

31
Q

PDO Nemea
What general styles of wines are permitted for production?

A
  • Dry
  • Sweet (rare)
32
Q

PDO Nemea
What quality levels are produced?

A
  • Acceptable and good quality inexpensive wines
  • Very good and outstanding age worthy wines for premium and super-premium prices
33
Q

PDO Nemea
Name two significant producers

A
  • Gaia Wines
  • Tselepos
34
Q

PDO Nemea
What is the climate?

A

Mediterranean

35
Q

PDO Nemea
What is the avg. annual rainfall?

A

400-900mm (high variations)

36
Q

PDO Nemea
What are the three distinct zones and what are the altitudes?

A
  • Lowest zone (230-400 m)
  • Middle zone (450-650 m)
  • Highest zone (650-1,000 m)
37
Q

PDO Nemea
What is the climate/soil and what wines are produced in the lowest zone (230-400m)?

A
  • Hottest zone
  • Most fertile soil
  • Usually inexpensive wines
  • Also high-quality sweet wines
38
Q

PDO Nemea
What is the climate/soil and what wines are produced in the middle zone (450-650m)?

A
  • Cooler zone
  • Poor, free-draining soils naturally limit yields
  • Highest quality wines
39
Q

PDO Nemea
What is the climate/soil and what wines are produced in the highest zone (650-1,000m)?

A
  • Cool temperatures
  • Clay soil
  • Fresh red fruit flavors and harsh tannins -> Rosé production
  • Potential for fresher style red wines with higher acidity is explored
40
Q

PDO Mantinia
Where is it located?

A
  • South and west of Nemea
  • Plateau (>600m altitude)
41
Q

PDO Mantinia
What is the climate?

A
  • One of the coolest grape-growing areas in Greece, because of altitude
  • Despite its southerly latitude
42
Q

PDO Mantinia
At what time are grapes harvested?

A
  • Usually starting October, sometimes November
  • Grape do not reach full ripeness in cold years
43
Q

PDO Mantinia
What varieties are allowed?

A
  • White wines ONLY
  • Min 85% Moschofilero
44
Q

PDO Mantinia
What is the typical style of wine? (acidity, alcohol, body, aromas, quality, price)

A
  • High acidity
  • Low to medium alcohol
  • Medium(-) to medium body
  • Floral and slightly spicy aromas
  • Good to very good in quality
  • Usually mid-priced
45
Q

PDO Mantinia
How are the wines made and what is their ageing potential?

A
  • Fermented in stainless steel
  • Tend to be drunk when young
46
Q

PDO Mantinia
Name two significant producers

A
  • Boutari
  • Seméli Estate
47
Q

Greek islands
Describe rainfall, soil, and hazards prevalent on the islands

A
  • Very low rainfall
  • Rocky soils with poor water retention
  • Strong winds
48
Q

Greek islands
Why did many growers decide to sell their land?

A

The difficult conditions make grape growing very expensive

49
Q

Greek islands
Name 6 islands with high reputation and the style of wine they produce

A
  • Santorini
  • Paros (PDOs for still and sweet wines)
  • Tinos
  • Samos and Lemnos (famous for their sweet Muscats)
  • Crete (gaining a reputation for high-quality wines from both indigenous and international varieties)
50
Q

PDO Santorini
For what styles of wines is it known? (color, sweetness, variety)

A
  • White
  • Dry and sweet
  • Primarily from Assyrtiko
51
Q

PDO Santorini
How are the vines trained and why?

A
  • Basket shape, low to the ground
  • Strong winds
52
Q

PDO Santorini
How are new vines planted?

A

Every twenty years or so, a new basket is started from a shoot

53
Q

PDO Santorini
How much effort is the basket shaped training system?

A

Roughly 4 times the effort of conventional trellis systems

54
Q

PDO Santorini
What is the avg. annual rainfall and what is the consequence?

A
  • Very low rainfall
  • Hence, vine density is low: < 2,500 vines / ha
55
Q

PDO Santorini
What is the soil?

A

Volcanic and very infertile

56
Q

PDO Santorini
What is the max yield and what is it often in practice?

A
  • 60 hL/ha (lowest permitted max yields in Greece)
  • 15 hL/ha (from oldest vines)
57
Q

PDO Santorini
What’s the min amount of Assyrtiko for dry and sweet wines?

A
  • Dry: min 75%
  • Sweet: min 50%
58
Q

PDO Santorini
What is the typical style of the dry wines? (acidity, alcohol, aroma, ageing, quality, price)

A
  • High acidity
  • Medium to high alcohol
  • Distinctive smoky characteristic and citrus, stone, and tropical fruit
  • Highest quality wines can age for a decade, developing a honey, toasty character
  • Good to outstanding in quality
  • Mid to premium priced
59
Q

PDO Santorini
How is Vinsanto made?

A
  • Late-harvested grapes
  • Dried in the sun for up to two weeks
  • Aged for at least two years in oak
  • Often casks not fully filled to encourage oxidation
60
Q

PDO Santorini
What is the typical style of Vinsanto? (sweetness, acidity, aromas, quality, price)

A
  • Sweet (200–300 g/L)
  • High acidity
  • Raisins, coffee and chocolate
  • Very good to outstanding quality
  • Premium to super-premium prices
61
Q

PDO Santorini
Name to significant producers

A
  • Estate Argyros
  • Domaine Sigalas

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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