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WSET Level 4 - D3 > Spain - Catalunya > Flashcards

Spain - Catalunya Flashcards

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1
Q

How many DOs and DOQs does Catalunya have?

A
  • 11 DOs
  • 1 DOQ
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2
Q

What are the 5 most important DOs?

A
  • Catalunya (whole region)
  • Penedès
  • Priorat
  • Montsant
  • Costers del Segre
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3
Q

What can wines be labeled if they follow strict restrictions on yields and ageing?

A

Vi de Finca

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4
Q

Catalunya
What wines is this labeling mostly used for and what are the two advantages?

A
  • Mostly used for inexpensive and mid-priced wines
  • Allows more freedom than the smaller DOs (e.g., grape sourcing and varieties)
  • Recognized name in export markets
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5
Q

Penedès
What is the general climate and is it uniform or diverse?

A
  • Warm Mediterranean
  • Diverse - broadly divided into 3 zones
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6
Q

Penedès
What is the rough planting between black and white grapes?

A
  • 80% white
  • 20% black
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7
Q

Penedès
What are the white varieties grown here?

A
  • Xarel-lo
  • Macabeo
  • Parellada
  • Chardonnay
  • Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria and Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Gewürztraminer
  • Riesling
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8
Q

Penedès
What are the red varieties grown here?

A
  • Merlot (most planted black variety)
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Tempranillo
  • Pinot Noir
  • Syrah
  • Other permitted varieties
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9
Q

Penedès
How is Penedès divided and into what three climatic zones?

A
  • From the Mediterranean to further inland
  • Penedès Marítim
  • Penedès Central
  • Penedès Superior
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10
Q

Penedès Marítim
Where is it located and what is the general climate?

A
  • Between the sea and coastal range of hills
  • Low altitude and proximity to the sea
  • Warm climate
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11
Q

Penedès Marítim
What types of wines are produced?

A
  • Mainly full-bodied red wines from late ripening varieties (e.g., Monastrell)
  • Inexpensive still wines from Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada
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12
Q

Penedès Central
Where is it located and what is the general climate?

A
  • Flat plains between the coastal range and inland mountains
  • Higher altitude (up to 500m) -> cooling influences
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13
Q

Penedès Central
What types of grapes are planted?

A
  • Large plantings of Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada
  • Also Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Chardonnay
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14
Q

Penedès Superior
Where is it located and what is the general climate?

A
  • 500-800m altitude in inland mountains
  • Cooling influence
  • High diurnal range
  • Spring frost is often a problem
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15
Q

Penedès Superior
What types of grapes are planted?

A
  • White
  • Chardonnay
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Riesling
  • Gewürztraminer
  • Black
  • Pinot Noir
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16
Q

Penedès
What is the rainfall and is irrigation allowed?

A
  • 500mm
  • Irrigation is allowed but regulated
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17
Q

Penedès
What is the soil?

A
  • Loamy with some calcareous components
  • Can store enough water through the ripening period
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18
Q

Penedès
What types of wines are produced? (incl. quality, price)

A
  • Clean, fruity, aromatic white wines
  • Clean, fruity, early-drinking reds
  • More expensive red wines matured in oak
  • Some Chardonnay matured in oak
  • Good to very good quality
  • Inexpensive to mid-priced (some premium)
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19
Q

Penedès
What happened in recent years regarding regulations?

A
  • Introduced ten sub-zones
  • Sub-zone allowed to be labeled if, e.g.
  • 100% of grapes from the sub-zone
  • 100% organic
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20
Q

Penedès
How much is exported and what are the main export markets? What are drivers of consumption from the domestic market?

A
  • 30%
  • Germany, Canada, Switzerland, China and the USA
  • Tourists and consumers from Barcelona
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21
Q

Priorat
Briefly outline Priorat’s history

A
  • Long history of winemaking
  • Not very popular because of challenging topography and some extremes of weather
  • 1989: local producer, René Barbier, formed a small group of viticulturists blending in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Merlot with Priorat’s local varieties, Garnacha and Cariñena
  • Mid-1990s: received much acclaim from critics
  • 2009: promoted from a DO to a DOQ
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22
Q

Priorat
What is the climate, rainfall and resulting conditions?

A
  • Warm continental
  • Protected from cold winds by the Serra de Montsant in the north
  • Mediterranean influence by the Serra de Llaberia to the south
  • High diurnal range
  • Spring frost can be a problem
  • 500-600mm rainfall
  • Irrigation only permitted in driest years and establishing new vineyards
23
Q

Priorat
What is the size? (ha planted)

A

2,000 ha

24
Q

Priorat
What is the topography, where are the vineyards located and how are they worked?

A
  • River Siurana runs through the region
  • Broad range of altitudes (100-750 m) and aspects
  • Many vineyards on slopes (“costers”), ranging in gradient from 5-60%
  • Often narrow terraces to reduce soil erosion
  • Mostly by hand
25
Q

Priorat
Describe the soil. What effect does it have?

A
  • Mostly poor and stony, some clay
  • Mostly slate-based soils (“llicorella”), thin, rocky and lacking in nutrients, reflecting light and heat
  • Bedrock of vertically layered slate -> roots can grow deep in search for water
  • Low nutrient and water levels -> low yields
26
Q

Priorat
How are vines typically trained?

A
  • Old vineyards: Low density bush vines
  • Newer vineyards: VSP trellised where possible
27
Q

Priorat
What are the max and avg. yields?

A
  • Max yield: 39 hL/ha
  • Avg. yield: 5–6 hL/ha
28
Q

Priorat
What is the relation between black and white varieties planted?

A
  • Black (94%)
  • White (6%)
29
Q

Priorat
What are the two types of grape varieties? List them and comment on the trend.

A
  • Traditional, local varieties (2/3)
  • Garnacha (most planted)
  • Cariñena (grown in warmest sites)
  • International varieties (1/3)
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Syrah
  • Merlot
  • Trend towards only local varieties
30
Q

Priorat
What varieties are used to make the small amounts of white wine?

A
  • Garnacha Blanca
  • Macabeo
31
Q

Priorat
Describe some of the winemaking practices (fermentation vats, yeast, oak)

A
  • Traditional: old basket presses and large oak fermentation vats
  • Modern: stainless steel tanks and optical sorting machines
  • Cultured yeasts
  • Typically matured in oak (French) for 1-2 years
32
Q

Priorat
Describe a typical very good to oustanding red wine (aromas, acidity, alcohol)

A
  • Concentrated, ripe, but not jammy, fruit
  • Medium(+) acidity
  • High alcohol
33
Q

Priorat
What are the 4 classifications?

A
  • Vi de Vila (from 1 of 12 sub-zones)
  • Vi de Paratge (from a named site, lieu dit)
  • Vinya Classificada (single vineyard, cru)
  • Gran Vinya Classificada (grand cru)
34
Q

Priorat
What other specifications have to be met in order to label the wines with one of the 4 classifications?

A
  • Producers must own the vineyard or rented for min 7 years
  • Specific to category:
  • Min proportion of Garnacha and Cariñena
  • Vine age
  • Max yields
  • Vinya Classificada or Gran Vinya Classificada: critical ‘recognition’ over min 5 years
35
Q

Priorat
When is the term “old vines” allowed?

A

If vineyard is min 75 years old and planted before 1945

36
Q

Montsant
Where is the region located?

A

Form almost a complete ring around Priorat

37
Q

Montsant
Where are vineyards located and what is the climate?

A
  • Majority in the south: flatter land with Mediterranean influence
  • Some in the more mountainous north: higher altitudes (300-700m) and cooler temperatures
38
Q

Montsant
What is the soil?

A
  • Mixture of soils
  • Ranging from clay-based to sandy
  • Slightly more fertile than in Priorat -> higher yields
39
Q

Montsant
What is the topography and how are vines trained?

A
  • Flatter than in Priorat
  • Some terraced to avoid erosion
  • Mostly trellised, but also some bush vines
40
Q

Montsant
What is the ratio of black and white varieties planted?

A
  • 94% Black
  • 6% White
41
Q

Montsant
What are the two most important black varieties, what is their % of plantings, and what other varieties are planted?

A
  • 2/3 of black varieties planted:
  • Garnacha and Cariñena
  • Other varieties:
  • Tempranillo
  • Syrah
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
42
Q

Montsant
Describe the typical style of red wines (varieties, aromas, acidity, body, alcohol, oak, quality, price)

A
  • Many blends, some single varietal from Garnacha and Cariñena
  • Ripe, fruity
  • Medium(+) acidity
  • Full body
  • High alcohol
  • 1-2 years in French or American oak
  • Good to very good quality
  • Mid-priced (some premium to super-premium)
43
Q

Montsant
Name two significant producers

A
  • Espectacle
  • Celler de Capçanes
44
Q

Montsant
From what varieties are the small amounts of white wines made?

A
  • Garnacha Blanca
  • Macabeo
45
Q

Montsant
What is the vineyard area’s size and what role do co-ops play?

A
  • 1,900 ha
  • An important one
46
Q

Montsant
How much is exported and what are the main export markets?

A
  • 45%
  • Germany, USA, France, Switzerland, and UK
47
Q

Costers del Segre
Where is it located and what is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • In the north in Catalunya
  • Continental climate
  • Low with 400mm
48
Q

Costers del Segre
Where are the vineyards located and what is the soil? What does it mean?

A
  • 200-700m
  • Sandy and free-draining
  • Irrigation needed in most vineyards
49
Q

Costers del Segre
What are the varieties planted for white wines and Cava?

A
  • Xarel-lo
  • Chardonnay
  • Garnacha Blanca
  • Sauvignon Blanc
50
Q

Costers del Segre
What are the varieties planted for red and rosé wines?

A
  • Garnacha
  • Tempranillo
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
51
Q

Costers del Segre
Describe the typical style of wine (variety, style, oak, price)

A
  • Mostly blends, but also single varietal wines
  • Fresh, fruity style for early drinking
  • Red wines and some Chardonnay may be aged in oak
  • Mid-priced (some premium)
52
Q

Costers del Segre
What is the most important producer and how much of vineyards do they own?

A
  • Raimat
  • 1/3 of the area
53
Q

Costers del Segre
What is the size of vineyard plantings?

A

4,000 ha

54
Q

Costers del Segre
Is sustainability of importance?

A
  • Yes, they have their own program
  • 70% adhere to it

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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