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WSET Level 4 - D3 > France - Roussillon > Flashcards

France - Roussillon Flashcards

1
Q

What is the area under vine and how has it developed?

A
  • 21,000 ha
  • Dramatically reduced
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2
Q

Where are the vineyards located?

A
  • Dominated by Pyrenees
  • Vineyards on slopes or foothills
  • No extensive flat, coastal plain suited to high volume grape growing, as in the Languedoc
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3
Q

What role do co-ops play?

A

Important (75% of production)

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4
Q

How much of the vineyard area is classified as AOC?

A

70%

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5
Q

Describe the climate and its influence on grape growing

A
  • Warm, windy, Mediterranean climate
  • Moderate rainfall (500–600mm)
  • High sunshine hours
  • Drought can be an issue
  • Frequent winds and low rainfall reduce risk of diseases
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6
Q

What impact has the climate on yield?

A
  • Reduce yield (and therefore income)
  • Higher concentration of fruit
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7
Q

Is organic winemaking common?

A

Yes (15%)

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8
Q

What are the top 6 grape varieties? (decreasing in ha planted)

A
  • Grenache Noir
  • Syrah
  • Carignan
  • Muscat Blanc
  • Muscat of Alexandria
  • Macabeu
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9
Q

How has the vineyard management evolved over time?

A
  • Historically: bush vines (require manual work)
  • Nowadays: vines planted on trellises if possible (allowing for mechanization)
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10
Q

What are the two main appellations for dry wines?

A
  • Côtes du Roussillon
  • Côtes du Roussillon Villages
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11
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
What is the size?

A
  • Large
  • 5,000 ha
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12
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
What types of wines are produced?

A
  • Red, rosé and white
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13
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
What is the max yield?

A

48 hL/ha

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14
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
Where are the vineyards located?

A

Lower slopes (100–250 m)

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15
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
What are the principal grape varieties and requirements regarding plantings?

A
  • Principal: Carignan, Grenache Noir, Mourvèdre and Syrah
  • Max 50% Carignan
  • Min 25% Syrah and Mourvèdre
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16
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
What are the requirements for winemaking regarding varieties?

A
  • Min two different varieties
  • Max 80% of a single variety
17
Q

Côtes du Roussillon
What is the style, quality and price of the wines?

A

Similar to Languedoc AOC

18
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
How does the size compare to Côtes du Roussillon?

A

Less than half the size

19
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
What types of wines are produced and what are the requirements?

A
  • Red wines only
  • Min two different varieties
  • Max 80% of a single variety
20
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
Where are the vineyards located and what influence does it have on the quality and price of the final wine?

A
  • Slopes (100–400m)
  • Cooling influence
  • Greater acidity
  • Manual work required -> raising cost
21
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
What is the max and avg yield?

A
  • Max: 45 hL/ha
  • Avg: Much lower
22
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
How many villages are allowed to append their name? What are max yields in this case?

A
  • 5
  • 42 hL/ha
23
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
What require some of the villages in terms of Carignan winemaking?

A
  • Has to be made with carbonic maceration
  • Promote the primary fruit and reduce tannins
24
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages
What is the style, quality and price of the wines?

A

Similar to Languedoc sub-appellations

25
Q

Collioure
Where is it located?

A

Same borders as Banyuls

26
Q

Collioure
Where are the vineyards located?

A

Steep terraces above the Mediterranean Sea

27
Q

Collioure
What types of wines are produced?

A
  • Full-bodied, dry red (majority) and white wines
28
Q

Collioure
What are the main grapes used for red wines?

A
  • Grenache Noir
  • Syrah
  • Mourvèdre
29
Q

Collioure
What are the main grapes used for white wines?

A

Grenache Gris

30
Q

Collioure
What are the max and avg yields for red and white wines?

A
  • Max: 40 hL/ha
  • Avg: 20-25 hL/ha
31
Q

Collioure
What is the style, quality, and price of the wines?

A

Similar to Languedoc sub-appellations

32
Q

IGP Côtes Catalanes
What types of wines are produced?

A

Red and white

33
Q

IGP Côtes Catalanes
Are there special wines? If yes, produced by whom?

A
  • Some super-premium white wines
  • E.g., from Domaine Gauby
34
Q

What are the options for red winemaking?

A
  • Pressing the fruit and maceration on the skins
  • Carbonic maceration
35
Q

Wine Business
Name three wineries that produce super-premium white wines

A
  • Domaine Gauby
  • Clos des Fées
  • Le Soula
36
Q

Wine Business
What is a trend regarding the involved businesses?

A

Trend from co-ops more towards individual wineries that produce high quality wines

37
Q

Wine Business
How much is exported and what are the top export markets?

A
  • 20%
  • China, Belgium, Germany

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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