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AMK > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system causing erection

A

PS - s2/3

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2
Q

Nervous system causing ejaculation

A

Sympathetic - l1

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3
Q

causes of ED

A

SSRI, cauda equina, MS

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4
Q

Treatment of ED

A

PDE5i (viagra)

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5
Q

How do PDE5i work

A

Causes vasodilatation in penis

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6
Q

Which lobe of the prostate is enlarged in BPH

A

Median

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7
Q

Which lobe the prostate is enlarged in cancer?

A

Posterior - peripheral zone

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8
Q

Sx BPH

A

L UTI sx
Polyuria
Retention
Smooth prostate on DRE

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9
Q

Tx BPH

A

a-blockers like alfuzosin

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10
Q

What is urge incontiennce?

A

Involuntary detrusor contractions cause uncontrollable bladder emptying

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11
Q

Tx urge incontinence

A

Exercises

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12
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Increased abdominal pressure e.g. coughing/laughing causes small but frequent loss of urine

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13
Q

Tx stress incontinence

A

Duloxetine

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14
Q

Where do you find renal cell carcinomas

A

Proximal tubular epithelium - adenocarcinomas

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15
Q

Sx RCC

A

haematuria, loin pain, weight loss, anaemia

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16
Q

Spread of RCC

A

para-aortic LNs

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17
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes with RCC

A

PTh secretion and EPO secretion (polycythemia)

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18
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - interacts with methotrexate

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19
Q

When should you not give trimethoprims

A

teratogenic in first trimester

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20
Q

Sx UTI

A

Polyuria and dysuria
Smelly urine

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21
Q

Cause of UTI

A

E coli

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22
Q

Ix UTI

A

Increased nitrites caused by gram neg bacteria

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23
Q

Tx UTI

A

Cystitis = trimethoprim
If pregnant = nitrofurantoin

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24
Q

Sx acute pyelonephritis

A

fever, loin pain, vomiting

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25
Tx acute pyelonephritis
Ciprofloxacin
26
What does insulin and salbutamol do to potassium
Move from ECF to ICF
27
Calcium glutinate function
Stabilises myocardium
28
Which compounds remove potassium rom body
Calcium resonium Loop diuretics
29
Pre-renal causes of AKI
Ischaemia and stenosis
30
Renal causes of AKI
Damage to kidneys - glomerulonephritis
31
Post-renal causes of AKI
Kidney stones/BPH
32
Sx AKI
Decreased urine output, increased K+/urea
33
Which compounds have increased risk of toxicity in AKI
Metformin, digoxin, lithium
34
Which compounds should be stopped in AKI as they worsen renal function
ACEi, NSAIDs, angiotensin ii blockers, diuretics, aminoglycosides
35
E.g. quinolone
Ciprofloxacin
36
Quinolones MOA
Inhibit DNA synthesis by DNA gyros
37
C/I quinolones
Pregnancy/BF
38
Side effects quinolones
Seizures, tendon damage, long QT
39
Causes of prostatitis
UTI/STI -> e.coli or chlamydia/gonorrhoea
40
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis
Pelvic pain for 3+ months, -ve urine culture, pain without urinary sx
41
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
gradual onset, e.coli cause
42
Acute bacterial prostatitis
Tender, boggy prostate UTI sx, lymphadenopathy Treat with quinolones
43
Which LN does bladder cancer spread to first
Internal and external iliac
44
At which level do the renal arteries branch from the aorta?
l2
45
Where is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?
PCT
46
Why does alcohol cause polyuria?
It is a diuretic and inhibits posterior pituitary and therefore ADH secretion
47
Epididymo-orchitis
- Inflammation of epididymis, often caused by bacterial infection - Infection spreads from bladder - usually chlamydia or gonorrhoea
48
idiopathic cause of epididymo-orchitis
amiodarone
49
which structure is twisted in testicular torsion
spermatic cord
50
mass that trans-illuminates
hydrocele
51
why does hydrocele occur?
patent processus vaginalis
52
Most common type of testicular cancer
seminoma
53
blood tests seminoma
AFP and HCG normal
54
Types of germ cell tumours
teratoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma
55
blood results germ cell tumour
AFP and HCg elevated
56
AKI + harmolytic anaemia + thrombocytopenia
haemolytic uraemia syndrome
57
what is haemolytic uraemia syndrome caused by
e.coli
58
Which nephrotic syndrome has high levels of C3 but not IgM
membranoproliferazive glomerulonephritis
59
Main risk factor for renal cancer
smoking
60
renal cell carcinoma lung metastases key word
cannonball appearance on CXR
61
What is a Wilm's tumour
Common in children < 5 years - Arises from transformation of persistent metanephric cells
62
Sx Wilm's tumour
- Loin mass - Abdo pain - Haematuria - fever - HTN - Weight loss
63
Mx Wilm's tumour
Nephrectomy and radiotherapy
64
Ix renal colic
CT KUB
65
treatment for simple lower UTI in women
3 days trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin
66
treatment for UTI in men or pregnant women
Nitrofuranoitn 7 days
67
Grading system for prostate cancer
Gleason
68
FIGO staging system
gynaecological cancer
69
how do you treat chronic prostatitis
trimethoprim for 4 weeks
70
how to treat acute bacterial prostatitis
ciprofloxacin for 2 weeks
71
androgen insensitivity syndrome
phenotypically female but inside have testes
72
pre-disposing factor for testicular torsion
bell-clapper deformity
73
Treatment for persistent haematuria
ACEi

AMK (33 decks)

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