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AMK > Emergency medicine > Flashcards

Emergency medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Antihypertensives if younger than 55 or t2D

A 
A
A+C or A+D
A+C+D
A = ACEi
C = CCB
D = thiazide diuretic
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2
Q

Anti-hypertensives if older than 55 or black African

A

C
C+A or C+D
A+C+D

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3
Q

Ix ischaemic bowel

A

CT angiogram

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4
Q

Which blood vessels are affected by ischaemic bowel

A

Splanchnic arteries or bifurcation of aorta

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5
Q

Sx ischaemic bowel

A

Severe abdo pain
Flank pain and haematuria
Signs of renal disease

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6
Q

Tx cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis

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7
Q

Sx cardiac tamponade

A

Beck’s triad (hypotension, quiet heart sounds, increased JVP)
SOB

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8
Q

Causes of cardiac tamponade

A

Cardiac wall rupture
Trauma
Dissection
Pericarditis

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9
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Pericardial effusion compresses heart

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10
Q

S/e ACEi

A

Dry cough

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11
Q

S/e B blockers

A

Contra indicated in asthma

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12
Q

Side effect CCBs

A

Flushing and headache

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13
Q

S/e furosemide

A

Hypokalaemia

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14
Q

S/e spironolactone

A

Hyperkalaeia

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15
Q

Extradural haemorrhage specifics

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (pterion)
Lucid interval
Craniotomy needed
Lemon shaped

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16
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage specifics

A

Thunderclap headache

Rupture of berry aneurysm

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17
Q

Subdural haematoma specifics

A

Banana shaped
Caused by venous rupture
Alcohol is risk factor

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18
Q

What type of shock is toxic shock syndrome?

A

Endotoxic

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19
Q

Which organism causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph aureus

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20
Q

Sx toxic shock

A

Chills, myalgia, headache
Fever, tachycardia
Decreased SVR
Sunburn like rash

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21
Q

Sx CO poisoning

A

Headache, nausea and vomiting

Cherry red skin and lips

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22
Q

Sx aspirin overdose

A

Tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, tachypnoea

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23
Q

Acid-base for aspirin overdose

A

Respiratory alkalosis and anion gap metabolic acidosis

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24
Q

Treatment for aspirin overdose

A

Activated charcoal if less than an hour, if not then bicarbonate

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25
Q

Antidote for ethylene glycol

A

Fomepizole

26
Q

Antidote for opioids

A

Naloxone

27
Q

Antidote for methanol

A

Fomepizole

28
Q

Antidote for benzos

A

Flumenazil

29
Q

Antidote for tricyclics

A

Bicarbonate

30
Q

Antidote for aspirin

A

Bicarbonate

31
Q

Antidote for b blockers

A

Atropine

32
Q

Antidote for organophosphates

A

Atropine

33
Q

Patient ha smacker bleed and is on warfarin, what do you do?

A

Stop warfarin - give vit K and prothrombin

34
Q

Pt has INR >8 and minor bleeding but is on warfarin, what do you do?

A

Stop warfarin and give vit K

Restart warfarin when INR <5

35
Q

Pt has no bleeding but INR > 8 and is on warfarin, what do you do?

A

Stop warfarin, give oral vit K

36
Q

Pt is not bleeding but has INR 5-8 and is on warfarin, what do you do?

A

Withold 1-2 warfarin doses

37
Q

How often can you give adrenaline ?

A

Every 5 mins

38
Q

Adrenaline if <6 y/o

A

150 micrograms

39
Q

Adrenaline if 6-11 y/o

A

300 micrograms

40
Q

Adrenaline if adult

A

500 micrograms

41
Q

How long do you listen to heart sounds for to confirm death?

A

2 mins

42
Q

How long do you list to breath sounds for to confirm death?

A

3 mins

43
Q

Dressler’s syndrome

A

2-6 weeks post MI

Sx: fever, pleuritic pain, raised ESR

44
Q

Most common cause of death after MI

A

VF

45
Q

How to calculate total burn surface area

A

18 for each side of torso
4.5 for each side of arm/head
9 for each side of leg
1 for genitals

46
Q

how to calculate fluid requirement for 24h

A

4 x body weight x TBSA

47
Q

how quickly do you administer fluid replacement

A

Half of it should be in first 8h, half in following 16

48
Q

what does 0.5% mean for local anaesthetics?

A

5mg
10% = 10mg/ml
20% = 20mg/mL

49
Q

lidocaine max dose with and with our adrenaline

A

with is 7mg/kg

without is 5mg/kg - up to max of 200mg

50
Q

bupivacaine max dose with and without adrenaline

A

2.5mg/kg without

3mg/kg with

51
Q

fasting period of clear liquids

A

2h

52
Q

fasting time of most other foods

A

6h

53
Q

warfarin considerations surgery

A

stop 5 days before, give LMWH post-op

54
Q

how far before surgery should you stop aspirin

A

7 days

55
Q

how far before surgery should you stop DOAC

A

2 days

56
Q

How far before surgery should you stop COCP

A

4 weeks

57
Q

Adult considerations for head CT

A

GCS <13, neurological deficit, seizure
skull fracture
1+ vomiting

58
Q

child considerations for head CT

A

GCS <14
3+ vomiting
5cm head laceration (if under 1yo)

59
Q

where do you use 3/0 stitiches

A

trunk

60
Q

where do you use 4/0 stitches

A

limbs

61
Q

where do you use 5/0 stitches

A

hands

62
Q

where do you use 6/0 stitches

A

face

AMK (33 decks)

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