Orthopaedics

Question 1

Sx osteosarcoma

Answer 1

Dull bone pain worse at night

Sunburst appearance on x-ray

Question 2

Age range affected by osteosarcoma and why

Answer 2

Younger people - occurs before growth plates fuse

Question 3

Where does osteosarcoma occur

Answer 3

Distal femur and proximal tibia

Question 4

Cause of osteomyelitis

Answer 4

Infection of bone from staph aureus

Question 5

Symptoms of osteomyelitis

Answer 5

recent trauma
constant bone pain
lump
systemic sx from infection - fever etc

Question 6

Ix osteomyelitis

Answer 6

MRI

Question 7

Treatment osteomyelitis

Answer 7

Children = cefazolin
Adults = flucloxacillin

Question 8

Sx Paget’s bone

Answer 8

Constant achey bones
Warm bones
Hearing loss
Heart failure

Question 9

Ix Paget’s bone

Answer 9

high ALP

normal calc and phos

Question 10

Tx paget’s bone

Answer 10

Biphosphonates

Question 11

Sx bony metastases

Answer 11

Hx of cancer

Raised calcium

Question 12

Sx chondrosarcoma

Answer 12

Painful, growing mass in the axial skeleton

Question 13

Tx chondrosarcoma

Answer 13

Excision

Question 14

What is SUFE?

Answer 14

Epiphyseal fracture means femoral head moves out of position

Question 15

At risk category for SUFE

Answer 15

Obese boys 10-16

Question 16

Sx SUFE

Answer 16

Reduced abduction and flexion

Leg is externally rotated

Question 17

Tx SUFE

Answer 17

Internally rotate

Question 18

Sx Perthe’s disease

Answer 18

Hip pain and reduced movements

Question 19

Tx Perthe’s disease

Answer 19

Bed rest, NSAIDs

Question 20

At-risk category of Perthe’s disease

Answer 20

4-7 boys

Question 21

Sx transient synovitis of hip

Answer 21

Acute onset hip pain relieved with rest

Question 22

At-risk category transient synovitis of hip

Answer 22

4-10 years old, post URTI

Question 23

Tx transient synovitis of hip

Answer 23

Paracetamol and NSAIDs

Question 24

what is Osgood-Schlatter’s disease?

Answer 24

overuse condition in paediatric males

Question 25

Osgood-schlatter sx

Answer 25

warm and tender knee, swelling over tibial tuberosity

Question 26

tx osgood schlatter

Answer 26

conservative

Question 27

sx knee ligament damage

Answer 27

swelling, pain and inability to weight bear

Question 28

test for ACL and PCL tear

Answer 28

drawer's test (a and p respectively)

Question 29

test for LCL tear

Answer 29

varus

Question 30

test for mcl tear

Answer 30

valgus

Question 31

mx knee ligament damage

Answer 31

protect, rest, ice, compress/crutches, elevation and rehab

Question 32

what is chondromalacia patallae

Answer 32

overuse in teenage girls after lots of exercise

Question 33

sx chondromalacia patellae

Answer 33

grinding in knee when flexed, worse when on stairs

Question 34

ix chondromalacia patellae

Answer 34

MRI

Question 35

tx chondromalacia patellae

Answer 35

conservative

Question 36

what is prepatelar bursitis

Answer 36

common in roofers/tradesmen - presents as swollen patella | mx is conservative

Question 37

sx meniscal tear

Answer 37

popping sound worse on flexion pain over lateral/medial patella no weight bearing

Question 38

ix meniscal tear

Answer 38

mc Murray and MRI

Question 39

anterior hip dislocation

Answer 39

lengthened and externally rotated leg

Question 40

tx hip dislocation

Answer 40

closed reduction <6h

Question 41

posterior hip dislocation sx

Answer 41

internally rotated and shortened leg

Question 42

cause of posterior glenohumeral dislocation

Answer 42

seizures/electricl shocks

Question 43

cause of anterior glenohumeral dislocation

Answer 43

rugby/football

Question 44

mx displaced NOF fracture

Answer 44

arthroplasty

Question 45

mx undisplayed NOF fracture

Answer 45

cannulated screws

Question 46

management for intertrochanteric fracture

Answer 46

dynamic screw

Question 47

management for extratrochlear NOF fracture

Answer 47

inter medullary nail

Question 48

reactive arthritis

Answer 48

post infection - campylobacter anterior uveitis methotrexate