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AMK > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Sx paracetamol overdose

A

N+V, jaundice, RUQ pain

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2
Q

Tx paracetamol overdose

A

Activated charcoal if within 1hr and then acetylcysteine if longer or if indicated by plasma paracetamol levels

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3
Q

Opioid antidote

A

naloxone

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4
Q

Methanol antidote

A

Ethanol or fomepizole

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5
Q

Benzo antidote

A

Flumenazil

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6
Q

TCA overdose antidote

A

Bicarbonate

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7
Q

Aspirin overdose antidote

A

Bicarbonate

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8
Q

B Blockers antidote

A

Atropine

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9
Q

Ethylene glycol antidote

A

Fomepizole

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10
Q

Organophosphate antidote

A

Atropine

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11
Q

Reversing heparin

A

Protamine sulphate

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12
Q

Reversing dabigatran

A

Idarucizumb

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13
Q

Reversing rivaroxaban

A

Andexanet alfa

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14
Q

Reversing apixaban

A

Andexanet alfa

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15
Q

ACEi MOA

A

Stops angiotensin conversion from 1-2 by inhibiting ACE enzyme
Angiotensin 2 is a vasoconstrictor

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16
Q

S/e ACEi

A

Cough, hyperkalaemia, angioedema

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17
Q

B-blockers MOA

A

Antagonise B receptors = reduced BP

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18
Q

C/I B blockers

A

Asthmatics

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19
Q

Side effects B blockers

A

Erectile dysfunction, psoriasis

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20
Q

CCB e.g.

A

Amlodipine

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21
Q

CCB MOA

A

Calcium needed in cells for contraction - blocking this dilates arteries

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22
Q

S/E CCB

A

Flushing, headache, ankle swelling

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23
Q

Furosemide s/e

A

Hypokalaemia

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24
Q

Spironolactone MOA

A

Aldosterone antagonist - increased sodium and water excretion

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25
Q

Spironolactone s/e

A

Hyperkalaemia and gynaecomastia

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26
Q

Antidepressant causing long QT

A

citalopram

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27
Q

Side effect of carbimazole

A

agranulocytosis

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28
Q

How does agranulocytosis present

A

Suppression of immune system - sore throat

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29
Q

What is carbimazole used for?

A

Grave’s

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30
Q

quinolones and long QT

A

quinolones (anti-malarial) cause long QT which puts you at risk for ventricular fibrillation

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31
Q

cause of clubbing

A

inflammatory conditions like crohns

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32
Q

adverse effect of gentamicin

A

ototoxicity

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33
Q

B-lactam e.g.s

A

carbanepems, cephalosporins, penicillins

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34
Q

penicillin AMK relevance

A

anaphylactic allergy, Steven-johnson

35
Q

cephalosporin e.g.

A

cefotaxime - GI upset

36
Q

carbapenams e.g.

A

meropenam - GI upset

37
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

30s ribosome - e.g. gentamicin

38
Q

macrolides MOA

A

50s ribosome - clarithromycin and erythromycin

39
Q

adverse effect macrolides

A

long QT -> torsades du pointes + hepatitis

40
Q

tetracycline adverse effect

A

e.g. doxycycline - not under 12 because stains teeth

41
Q

adverse effect chloramphenicol

A

don’t give to pregnant women - grey-baby syndrome

42
Q

glycopeptides e.g.

A

vancomycin - oto/renal toxicity

43
Q

quinolone MOA and adverse effects

A

ciprofloxacin
decrease seizure threshold, tendonitis, long QT

44
Q

achilles tendonitis is caused by which antibiotic

A

ciprofloxacin

45
Q

metronidazole adverse effect

A

metallic taste
vomiting if taken with alcohol

46
Q

colistin adverse effect

A

myasthenia graves

47
Q

ethambutol side effect

A

optic neuritis

48
Q

isoniazid side effect

A

peripheral neuropathy

49
Q

pyroniazid side effect

50
Q

electrolyte imbalance SSRIs

A

low sodium

51
Q

SSRI for paeds

A

fluoxetine

52
Q

how long before SSRIs work

53
Q

TCA overdose treatment

A

bicarbonate

53
Q

TCA overdose treatment

A

bicarbonate

54
Q

mirtazapine side effects

A

helps pt sleep and put on weight

55
Q

typical antipsychotics side effects

A

hyperprolactinaemia

56
Q

which atypical antipsychotic doesn’t cause prolactinaemia

A

aripiprazole

57
Q

EPSEs

A

pseudoparkinsonism, acute dystonia (grimacing, eye movements, laryngeal spasms), tardive dyskinesia (protrusion of tongue), akathisia (restlessness)

58
Q

antiemetics for metabolic disturbance/chemo

A

metoclopramide
haloperidol

59
Q

when don’t you give metoclopramide?

A

with cyclising
to pt with parkinsons
bowel obstruction

60
Q

antiemetic for gastric stasis

A

metoclopramide
domperidone

61
Q

MOA metoclopramide and domperidone

A

D2 antagonist

62
Q

antiemetic for raised ICP

A

cyclizine
dexamethasone (mets)

63
Q

antiemetic for movement-related sickness

A

cyclizine (anti-histamine)

64
Q

antiemetics for oral irritation

A

treat reflux first, then cyclizine

65
Q

broad spectrum antiemetic

A

levomepromazine

66
Q

fear/anxiety induced nausea treatment

67
Q

antiemetic for bowel obstruction

A

loperamide

68
Q

antiemetic for post-surgery

A

ondansetron

69
Q

biguianides e.g. and side effect

A

metformin, weight loss, lactic acidosis and not for eGFR <30

70
Q

thiazolidinediones e.g. and side effect

A

pioglitazone, don’t cause hypos but do cause weight gain, don’t prescribe if in heart/liver failure

71
Q

sulfonylureas e.g. and side effect

A

gliclazide
causes hypoglycaemia and weight gain
don’t prescribe with BB, high BMI or cardio problems

72
Q

GLP-1RA e.g. and side effect

A

dulaglutide
no hypos and weight loss, but causes Pancreatitis

73
Q

injection only diabetes medication

A

dulaglutide

74
Q

DPP-4i e.g. and side effect

A

sitagliptin
GI upset and pancreatitis

75
Q

SGLT2i e.g. and side effect

A

dapagliflozin
weight loss, decreases BP

76
Q

which diabetes drugs cause pancreatitis

A

DPP-4i and GLP-1RA

77
Q

loop diuretic e.g. and side effect

A

furosemide
decreased sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
postural hypotension and tinnitus

78
Q

thiazide diuretics e.g. and side effect

A

bendrofluorothiazide
decreases sodium and potassium
postural hypotension

79
Q

CI thiazide diuretic

A

gout - high urate

80
Q

K+ sparing diuretics e.g. and side effect

A

spironolactone
increases k+, gynaecomastia

81
Q

CI K+ sparing diuretic

A

Addison’s disease

82
Q

blood results Addison’s

A

high potassium , low sodium

AMK (33 decks)

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