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1
Q

Gold standard to diagnose coeliac

A

Endoscopic intestinal biopsy

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2
Q

Drug class that reduces lithium excretion and increases toxicity

A

AT ii receptor blockers (losartan), ACEi, NSAIDs

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3
Q

Lithium uses

A

Mood stabilising - bipolar

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4
Q

Features lithium toxicity

A

Coarse tremor, hyperreflexia, confusion, polyuria, seizure

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5
Q

How many weeks before chronic pain

A

12

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6
Q

Chronic pain tx

A

gabapentin or amitriptyline

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7
Q

Cause of unilateral cleft lip

A

Incomplete fusion of nasolabial muscle rings

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8
Q

Function of

A

Activates vit D which increases phosphate absorption in GIT which increases serum phosphate

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9
Q

first line treatment to reduce stroke risk in af

A

DOACs - endoxaban

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10
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Mutation of APC gene, causes colonic ademonas

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11
Q

MYH associated polyposis

A

Biallelic mutation of mutation Y
Colonic polyps
Later onset right sided cancers
Associated with breast cancer risk

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12
Q

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

A

STK11 mutation on chromosome 19
Benign intestinal hamartomas
Increase risk of GI, breast, ovarian cancers
Pigmantation pattern

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13
Q

Cowden disease

A

Mutation of PTEN on ch10q22
Macrocephaly
Intestinal hamartomas and trichilemmomas
Increase risk of thyroid and breast cancer

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14
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

DNA mismatch repair gene mutation

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15
Q

colorectal and endometrial cancer
Right sided mutinous colonic tumours

A
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16
Q

Investigating osteomyelitis

A

MRI

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17
Q

Managing osteomyelitis

A

Flucloxacillin and surgical debridement

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18
Q

How is hep c spread

A

Parenteral
Sexual
vertical;
Needlestick injuries

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19
Q

The L rule for haemoglobin graph

A

Shifts to L (lower oxygen delivery) by
Low H+
Low pco2
Low 2,3-DPG
Low temp

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19
Q

The L rule for haemoglobin graph

A

Shifts to L (lower oxygen delivery) by
Low H+
Low pco2
Low 2,3-DPG
Low temp

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20
Q

Acute myeloid leukaemia blood results

A

Low neutrophils
High WBC

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21
Q

Blood supply to Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Vitelline artery

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22
Q

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

Anal canal below pectinate line
Perineum
Thigh
Penis
Scrotum
Vagina

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23
Q

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

Gland penis

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24
Q

Para-aortic lymph nodes

A

Testes
Ovaries
Kidneys
Adrenal

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25
Q

Axillary lymph nodes

A

Lateral breast
Upper limb

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26
Q

Internal iliac lymph nodes

A

Anal canal below pectinate line
Lower rectum
Cervix + inferior uterus

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27
Q

Superior mesenteric lymph nodes

A

Duodenum
Jejunum

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28
Q

Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes

A

Descending colon
Sigmoig colon
Upper rectum

29
Q

Coeliac lymph nodes

30
Q

Major source of IL-1

A

Macrophage

31
Q

What do the granules of neutrophils contain?

A

Myeloperoxidase and lysozyme

32
Q

What do the granules of basophils contain?

A

Histamine and hpeparin

33
Q

Mast cell granule contents

A

Heparin and histamine

34
Q

ECG changes V1-4

35
Q

ECG changes II, III and aVF

36
Q

ECG changes V4-6, I and aVL

A

LAD or LCX

37
Q

Mitral regurgitation on stethoscope

38
Q

What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A

Autoimmune disorder where B cells in Islets of Langerhans are attacked by immune system

39
Q

What is type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

Too much adipose tissue = not enough insulin

40
Q

Risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

PCOS
Obesity

41
Q

Features of endometrial cancwr

A

Post-menopausal bleeding

42
Q

ACEi side effects

A

Angioedema

43
Q

Cranial nerve supplying sternocleidomastoid and deltoid

44
Q

Lesion to CN11

A

Head turns contralateral side

45
Q

Side effects B-blockers

A

Bronchospasm
Cold peripheries
Erectile dysfunction

46
Q

Nerve damaged when object lodges in piriform recess

A

Internal laryngeal

47
Q

Genital tubercle forms

A

Glans penis
Corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
Glans clitoris
Vestibular bulbs

48
Q

Urogenital sinus forms

A

Bulbourethral glands
Prostate gland
Bartholin glands
Skene glands

49
Q

urogenital folds

A

Ventral shaft of penis
Labia minora

50
Q

Labioscrotal swelling

A

Scrotum
Labia majora

51
Q

Mesonephric duct forms

A

Seminal vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

52
Q

Paramesonephric duct forms

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Upper third of vagina

53
Q

Most common cause of PID

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

54
Q

Sx PID

A

Lower abdo pain
Fever
Deep dyapareunia
Dysuria
Vaginal/cervical discharge

55
Q

treatment for osteomyelitis

A

clindamycin

56
Q

antibiotics impacting nucleic acid synthesis

A

ANTHONY QUINN = anti-folate (trimethoprim) and quinolones

57
Q

ABx impacting protein synthesis

A

MC FAT
Macrolides, chloramphenicol, fusific acid, ahminoglycosides, tetracyclines

58
Q

gram +ve cocci

A

staphylococcus and strep

59
Q

gram -ve cocci

A

meningitis and gonorrhoea

60
Q

gram +ve bacilli

A

anthrax, bacillus, clostridium, diphtheria

61
Q

ABx impacting cell wall synthesis

A

PENNY VAN CEPH
penicillin, vancomycin and cephalosporins

62
Q

inheritance pattern more common in first cousins

A

autosomal recessive

63
Q

most common complication of appendectomy

A

pelvic abscess

64
Q

most common cause of gastroenteritis

65
Q

treatment for delirium tremens

A

benzo - diazepam

66
Q

which individuals can be affected by x-linked recessive disease?

A

mother to son transmission
OR daughter with Turner’s - only one X chromosome

67
Q

e.g. x-linked recessive conditions

A

haemophilia, G6PD, muscular dystrophy

68
Q

what is a film’s tumour?

69
Q

what is a film’s tumour?

AMK (33 decks)

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