Respiratory Flashcards
Common causative organism of TB
Mycobacteriun tuberculosis
Sx TB
fever, night sweats, weight loss
Tx TB
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
What is sarcoidosis?
Multisystem granulomatous disorder
Sx sarcoidosis
Many are asymptomatic
Dry cough
Chest pain
Erythema
Hypercalcaemia
What is a granuloma?
Collection of WBCs surrounded by collagen
CXR for sarcoidosis
Hilar lymphadenopathy
Tx sarcoidosis
Low stage may self-resolve or need NSAIDs
Severe cases need steroids and immunosuppressants
Where does TB most frequently reactivate ?
Apex of lung
Side effect of rifampicin
Red/orange tears/urine
Isoniazid side effects
Numbness
Ethambutol side effects
Visual changes
What is the name of the area you insert a chest drain?
Safe triangle
How is TB transmitted?
Droplet spread
How does TB move around the body?
Pulmonary venous system
CXR TB
Shadows in upper lobes
Ethambutol MOA
Interferes with cell wall synthesis
Pyrazinamide MOA
Stops fatty acid production
Isoniazid MOA
Prevents cell wall synthesis
Rifemycin MOA
Stops DNA transcription
Sx carbon monoxide poisoning
pyrexia, headache, pink mucosae
Tx carbon monoxide poisoning
High flow oxygen
apple green birefringence
Amyloidosis
/Which medications are contra-indicated in EBV
Amoxicillin and penicillin
Why should you avoid penicillin in EBV
Rash
Sx mononucleosis
Sore throat, pyrexia, lymphadenopathy
Dx mononucleosis
Monospot test
Tx mononucleosis
No sport for a month (spleen)
Sx tonsillitis
Sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, pustular tonsils
Causative organism tonsillitis
Strep progenies
Tx tonsillitis
Penicillin
What is a quinsy?
A pocket of pus between the tonsils and the throat wall
Sx quinsy
Similar to tonsillitis but affect the arch of the throat and deviate uvula
causative organism epiglottitis
Hameophilus influenza B
Sx epiglottitis
Dysphagia, drooling, distress
(rapid onset pyrexia and stridor)
most common place for obstruction
right mainstream bronchus
which nerve supplies pericardium
phrenic
where does IVC perforate diaphragm
T8
where does oesophagus perforate diaphragm
t10
where does aorta perforate diaphragm
t12
which nerve is damaged when an object lodges in the piriform recess
internal laryngeal
where does stapes come into contact with cochlea
oval window
which lobe of the lungs do objects commonly lodge in
right lower
why do you get referred pain to your shoulder in pericarditis?
phrenic nerve
nerve roots ansa cervicales
c1-3
what does ansa cervicalis innervate
omohyoid, sternothyroid and sternohyoid
what is a cervical rib?
elongation of transverse process of c7
why are cervical ribs dangerous
causes thoracic outlet syndrome
sx thoracic outlet syndrome
absent radial pulse
where do you insert a chest drain + borders
safe triangle
superior border: base of axilla
lateral border: lat dorsi
medial border: pec major
inferior border: line horizontal to t4 nipple
what is the umbo
malleus articulates with tympanic membrane
structures at l1 (transpyloric plane)
kidney hila
SMA
portal vein
duodenum
spleen
At which level does SMA leave aorta
l1
where is the larynx between
c3-6
through which bone does the external ear pass
temporal
which nerve passes through the middle ear
chorda tympani
damaged sub scapular nerve
no abduction of shoulder
normal ICP
<15