Urogenital Development

Question 1

what gives rise to the permanent kidney

Answer 1

metanephros

Question 2

where does the ureter derive from

Answer 2

mesonephric duct

Question 3

where does the kidney derive form

Answer 3

caudal end of the urogenital plates

Question 4

where does the collecting system of the kidney derive from

Answer 4

ureteric bud

Question 5

where does the excretory system derive from

Answer 5

metanephric blastema

Question 6

what does the cloaca divide to form? what derives from that structure?

Answer 6

divides to form the primitive urogenital sinus

bladder and pelvic urethra derives from it

Question 7

what induces the development of the vesical trigone

Answer 7

kidneys ascent

Question 8

what does the differentiation of the bladder produce?

Answer 8

the absorption of the mesonephric ducts into the bladder

Question 9

what does the genital system derive from?

Answer 9

mesonephros and adjacent ducts

Question 10

what does the mesonephros give rise to

Answer 10

a) mesonephric/wolffian duct
b) genital ridge

Question 11

what is the mesonephric/wolffian duct

Answer 11

gives rise to the male genital ducts, requires androgens to develop, degenerates in females in response to low androgens levels

Question 12

what is the genital ridge

Answer 12

gives rise to the testes or ovaries (the source of androgens and estrogens)

Question 13

what does the mesodermal coelomic epithelium give rise to?

Answer 13

paramesonephric/mullerian duct

Question 14

what is the paramesonephric/mullerian duct

Answer 14

gives rise to the female genital ducts, DOES NOT REQUIRE HORMONES TO DEVELOP, degenerates in males in response to mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)

Question 15

what happens in male embryos

Answer 15

indifferent gonads differentiate into testes under the influence of the SRY gene of the Y chromosome

Question 16

what happens in female embryos

Answer 16

absence of a SRY gene results in dissociation of the primitive sex cords and differentiation of the gonad into ovaries

Question 17

what do the efferent ducts derive from

Answer 17

mesonephric tubules

Question 18

what do the epididymis, ductus deferens, ampullas and vesiculary glands derive from

Answer 18

mesonephric duct

Question 19

what do the uterine tubes, uterus, and cranial region of the vagina derive from

Answer 19

paramesonephric duct

Question 20

what do the caudal region of the vagina and vestibule derive from

Answer 20

urogenital sinus

Question 21

what do the external genitalia derive from

Answer 21

mesenchymal cells that proliferate and surround the cloacal membrane

Question 22

in males, induced by androgens, what do the genital tubercle and urogenital folds give rise to?

Answer 22

genital tubercle –> rise to erectile tissue and tunica albuginea of the penis

urogenital folds –> rise to the caudal region of the penile urethra

Question 23

what does the cranial region of the urethra derive from

Answer 23

ectodermal cells at the tip of the penis

Question 24

what do the genital swelling in the male give rise to

Answer 24

the scrotum

Question 25

in females, induced by estrogens, what does the genital tubercle and the urogenital folds and genital swellings give rise to

Answer 25

genital tubercle –> clitoris

urogenital folds/genital swellings –> vulva

Question 26

what does the female vestibule give derive from

Answer 26

urogenital sinus

Question 27

what phases does the testis descent occur in and what is it caused by

Answer 27

1) intrabdominal
2) extraabdominal

caused by the gubernaculum

Question 28

what is a gubernaculum

Answer 28

a band of mesenchymal tissue, extends from the caudal pole to the testes to the genital swellings

Question 29

what occurs in the intrabdominal phase

Answer 29

depends more on INSL3

reduction of size/length of the gubernaculum

Question 30

what occurs in the extra abdominal phase

Answer 30

depends more on androgens

2) increase in size/thickness of the gubernaculum
3) reduction of size/length of the gubernaculum