Gut Development and the Peritoneum

Question 1

what will the foregut become?

Answer 1

stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, 1/5 duodenum

Question 2

what will the midgut become?

Answer 2

remaining duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and 2/3 transverse colon

Question 3

what will the hindgut become?

Answer 3

1/3 transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colons, rectum

Question 4

what is the parietal pericardium derived form?

Answer 4

parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm

Question 5

what is the visceral pericardium derived from?

Answer 5

visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm

Question 6

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 6

single serous layer of flattened mesothelial cells supported by a fibroelastic CT that attaches to body wall, diaphragm and visceral structures

Question 7

what is the peritoneum derived from?

Answer 7

intraembryonic ceolom just like the pericardium and pleura

Question 8

what is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 8

space enclosed by the peritoneum

Question 9

what is the peritoneal fluid?

Answer 9

secreted by mesothelial cells into the cavity, which allows layers of peritoneum to glide against one another

vital for GI motility and prevention of viscera from attaching to the abdominal wall

Question 10

what is peritoneal fat?

Answer 10

often stored below or between peritoneal layers

Question 11

what is the mesentery?

Answer 11

double layer of peritoneum that forms as a result of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ

Question 12

what is intraperitoneal?

Answer 12

organs that are suspended from the dorsal abdominal wall within peritoneal reflections

Question 13

what is retroperitoneal?

Answer 13

organs that are directly joined to the abdominal wall

Question 14

what is parietal peritoneum?

Answer 14

lines the walls

Question 15

what is visceral peritoneum?

Answer 15

directly contacts the organs

Question 16

what does the dorsal mesentery allow for?

Answer 16

allows the intestines to move as a normal part of digestion without the bowel becoming twisted or blocked

Question 17

what does the greater omentum do?

Answer 17

prevents adhesion between abdominal viscera (organs) and the ventral abdominal wall

also functions to prevent spread of infection from perforations of the intestines; seals off site of perforation

Question 18

what are the SNS and PNS innervations for the celiac trunk/foregut?

Answer 18

SNS: celiac ganglion
PNS: vagus (X)

Question 19

what are the SNS and PNS innervations for the cranial mesenteric artery/midgut?

Answer 19

SNS: cranial mesenteric ganglion
PNS: vagus (X)

Question 20

what are the SNS and PNS innervations for the caudal mesenteric artery/hindgut?

Answer 20

SNS: caudal mesenteric ganglion
PNS: pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 21

what are the 4 basic functional alimentary layers?

Answer 21

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) adventitia (rough) or serosa (smooth)

Question 22

describe the lamina propria in the GI layers

Answer 22

CT layer with immune cells

Question 23

describe the submucosa in the GI layers

Answer 23

CT layer with blood vessels and glands

Question 24

describe the muscularis mucosa in the GI layers

Answer 24

contracts the mucosa and consists of multiple smooth muscle layers

Question 25

describe the muscularis externa in the GI layers

Answer 25

moves luminal content, 2 sub-layers of muscle, inner circular, outer longitudinal

inner circular –> acts as a series of sphincters to restrict luminal flow

Question 26

what is the myenteric plexus?

Answer 26

a component of the enteric nervous system