Abdominal Wall Functional Anatomy Flashcards
what is a trait that defines all mammals?
mammary glands –> modified, enlarged sweat glands
describe mammary glands
compound tubuloalveolar gland that consists of secretory units grouped into lobules defined by intervening CT septa
what are mammary glands specializations of?
ventral abdominal wall
what are supernumerary teats?
-may be independent or attached to other better developed glands
-may interfere with milking
-often removed from the udders of cows and goats
what passes through the caval foramen?
caudal vena cava
what passes through the esophageal hiatus?
esophagus
vagal trunks
what passes through the aortic hiatus?
aorta
azygous vein
thoracic duct
what 2 vessels anastomose with each other in the superficial fascia of the ventral abdominal wall? what do they supply blood to?
-cranial and caudal superficial epigastric vessels
-supply blood to the superficial layers including the mammary glands
what do the:
external and internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
all work to do?
-compression of the abdominal viscera
-aids in vital functions such as expiration, urination, defecation and parturition
what do the external abdominal oblique and the rectus abdominis do?
flexion of the vertebral column when fellow muscles contract
lateral bending of the vertebral column
what is the origin of the external abdominal oblique
lateral surfaces of the ribs; lumbar fascia
what are the insertions of the EAO?
via aponeurosis that divides into 2 parts:
1) larger abdominal tendon inserts on the linea alba
2) smaller pelvic tendon inserts on the fascia over the iliopsoas and on the pubis
what is the inguinal ligament
caudal edge of EAO that does not have a bony insertion, but leaves a gap
what is the superficial inguinal ring
opening between the abdominal and pelvic tendons of the EAO, is the superficial opening of the inguinal canal, which allows passage of vessels and the spermatic cord in males
what is the cremaster muscle?
a muscle slip detached from the internal oblique that passes onto the spermatic cord
what are lumbar nerves also known as?
ventral rami
what is the origin of the IAO?
coxal tuber/cranial ventral iliac spine
what is the insertion of the IAO?
aponeurosis passes ventral to the rectus to reach the linea alba; last rib
what is the origin of the transversus abdominis?
inner surface of the last ribs; transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
what is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?
aponeurosis that passes dorsal to the rectus abdominis before terminating on the linea alba
what is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis?
O: sternum and costal cartilages
I: prepubic tendon to pubic brim
what is the transversalis fascia?
a lining of fascia deep to the transversus abdominis that contacts the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
name the abdominal wall layers from superficial to deep
skin
superficial fascia
deep fascia
EAO
IAO
transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia
what is the cranial epigastric parent artery?
internal thoracic artery
what do the aponeuroses of the abdominal wall muscles come together at the midline to form?
linea alba and a sheath around each rectus muscle
what is the linea alba?
site of superficial fascia and rectus aponeurosis where surgical approaches will not damage muscle tissue
what does the inguinal canal transmit in both sexes?
external pudendal artery and vein
efferent vesses from the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
genitofemoral nerve
what are hernias and what are the 2 most common types?
-a displacement and protrusion of part of an organ through the walls of the body cavity
-umbilical
-inguinal
what are lumbar ventral rami and what do they supply?
nerves pass through the transversus abdominis close to the tip of the transverse processes and then run deep to the internal oblique toward the ventral wall
supply the integument
