Thorax 2: Mediastinum Flashcards
what is the mediastinum made up of?
-heart
-great vessels
-esophagus
-trachea
-autonomic and phrenic nerves
-lymphatics
-thymus
what is the pleura?
serous membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
allows the external surfaces of the lobes of the lung to smoothly glide during expansion and deflation during respiration
what is the trachea?
-flexible, cartilaginous and membranous tube
-extends from the larynx outlet to the 4th or 5th intercostal space in dogs and 5th or 6th in horses
describe the lobes of the lungs
R lung: cranial, middle, caudal and accessory (only visible in ventral view)
L lung: cranial and caudal
what is the hilum and what does it contain?
-anatomical gateway to the lung
1) pulmonary veins (exit the lung)
2) pulmonary arteries (enters the lung)
3) bronchi (enter the lung)
what is the pulmonary ligament?
a fold of pleura that surrounds the entirety of the hilum
what are the 3 branches that form the bronchial tree in the lung?
1) primary bronchi (enter lung)
2) secondary bronchi (enter lobe)
3) segmental bronchi
what is the thoracic duct?
extension of cisterna chyli into the thoracic cavity
runs between the azygous vein and aorta
what is lymph?
clear, colorless extracellular fluid from tissue spaces that has not been resorbed by venous capillaries
what is pleural effusion?
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the thoracic cavity; the lungs float in a cavity full of fluid
what is a pyothorax?
pus
what is a chylothorax?
lymph
what is a hemothorax?
blood
what is a hydrothorax?
serous fluid
what is a pneumothorax?
accumulation of air within the chest cavity with collapse of the lungs
rupture of airway or esophagus
