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anatomy > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integument?

A

skin + appendages (nails, claws, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands)

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2
Q

what does the integument do?

A

barrier for protection

provides immunologic information

conveys sensory information

excretion —> waste products

thermoregulation –> blood flow, sweating/panting

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3
Q

what are the 3 skin layers?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

top ———————– bottom

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4
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

is loose CT with fat

NOT A PART OF SKIN LAYERS

fat storage

contains large blood vessels —> superficial fascia

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5
Q

what is the rete apparatus?

A

is the interdigitations of epidermal ridges and dermal ridges (papillae)

attach epidermis to dermis

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6
Q

what is some general information about the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium —> means cells on top are dead

avascular –> b/c epithelial tissue

continuously renewed by mitosis

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7
Q

what is the difference between thick skin and thin skin?

A

DEPENDS ON THICKNESS OF THE EPIDERMIS

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8
Q

describe thick skin/the characteristics

A

-glabrous, smooth, non hairy

found on the palm and soles

LACKS HAIR FOLLICLES/SEBACEOUS GLANDS

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9
Q

describe thin skin

A

hairy

3-4 layers of epidermis

found on most of body

HAS HAIR FOLLICLES, SEBACEOUS GLANDS, AND SOMETIMES SWEAT GLANDS

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10
Q

what is the main cell in the epidermis?

A

keratinocytes

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11
Q

name the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

A

-stratum corneum
-stratum lucidum
-stratum granulosum
-stratum spinosum
-stratum basale

move up as they age

C.L.G.S.B
cats love great soggy boots

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12
Q

what is the stratum basale? what is another name for it?

A

aka stratum germanitivum

basophilic cytoplasm
cells lie on basement membrane
actively dividing cells

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13
Q

what are some stratum basale characteristics?

A

large nucleus

abundant free ribosomes

produce intermediate filaments (keratin) = tonofilaments

bundled into tonofibrils in stratum basale and stratum spinosum

contains desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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14
Q

where are melanocytes located?

A

stratum basale

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15
Q

describe melanocytes

A

-no desmosomes
-number of melanocytes are the same in all groups, but their distribution varies

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16
Q

describe stratum spinosum. why is it called the prickle cell layer?

A

multiple cell layers
cell layer adjacent to s. basale mitotically active

prickles are where desmosomes are still clinging on

cuboidal or slightly flattened cells with a central nucleus

17
Q

what are the nodes of bizzozero in the stratum spinosum

A

cells bound together by filament-filled cytoplasmic spines and desmosomes

18
Q

where are langerhans cells located?
what are they?

A

stratum spinosum

are specialized macrophages —> b/c they just live in the skin

19
Q

describe the stratum granulosum

A

is 3-5 layers of cells

last layer with nuclei

lysosomal enzymes digest organelles

TWO TYPES OF GRANULES: keratohyalin (arrows) and lamellar granules (bodies)

20
Q

what are the lamellar bodies associated with in the stratum granulosum?

A

discharges a lipid-rich content —> acts to serve as a barrier for foreign materials –> water proofs the skin

produced in: golgi apparatus

21
Q

what are the purpose of keratohyalin granules in the stratum granulosum?

A

made by ribosomes and are associated with tonofibrils to help strengthen them

22
Q

describe stratum lucidum

A

likely just an artifact

only in thick skin

no nuclei or organelles
contain densely packed keratin
clear, thin eosinophilic layer of extremely flattened cells

23
Q

describe stratum corneum

A

-15-20 layers of flattened, non-nucleated, keratinized cells with thick membranes and no organelles

-more layers in thick skin

in the deep layers: cells held together by desmosomes
in the superficial layers: cells lose desmosomes and undergo desquamation

24
Q

describe the dermis

A

has CT that layers deep to the epidermis

is separated from stratum basale by a basement membrane

is vascularized

nourishes epidermis

25
Q

what are tension lines/cleavage lines/langer lines?

A

IN THE DERMIS

is a pattern of distribution of type 1 collagen fibers
determines tension and wrinkle lines in skin
determines pace and nature of wound healing

26
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis?

A

papillary and reticular

27
Q

describe the papillary layer

A

has loose CT, interdigitates with epidermis, RETE APPARATUS

-contains collagen fibers (type 1 and 3)
-contains elastic fibers
-contains anchoring fibrils that extend from the basal lamina into the papillary layer

28
Q

describe the reticular layer

A

dense, irregular CT

NOT AN ABUNDANCE OF RETICULAR FIBERS JUST A RETICULAR NETWORK

type 1 collagen fibers, thick elastic fibers, smooth muscle (arrector pilli)
epidermally derived glands (b/c same color)
hair follicles

29
Q

what are derived from the epithelium of the epidermis?

A

claws, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

30
Q

define hair

A

elongated keratinized structures derived from invaginations of epidermal epithelium

31
Q

describe sebaceous glands

A

-produce sebum (waxy texture) —> hair follicle has to have sebum on it for it to be healthy
-located all over body (except palms, soles, sides of feet)
-most abundant on face, forehead and scalp

-lie within fibrous sheath surrounding each hair follicle
-cradled by arrector pilli muscles

32
Q

what type of secretions do sebaceous glands do? describe the secretion

A

holocrine secretion –> destruction of the cell

33
Q

what is the bottom layer of sebaceous glands called? describe it

A

acinus layer –> is the basal layer of undifferentiated flattened epithelial cells that rest on the basal lamina

packed with lipid filled vacuoles

34
Q

what are the two types of sweat glands?

A

eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

35
Q

describe eccrine sweat glands

A

are simple coiled tubular glands

ducts open on skin surface –> NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HAIRS

invaginations of epithelium into dermis/hypodermis

location species-specific

merocrine secretion

36
Q

what is merocrine secretion?

A

exocytosis, cells not damaged during secretion

37
Q

describe apocrine sweat glands

A

open into canals of the hair follicles just superficial to the entry of the sebaceous gland ducts

contain pheromones

at axilla/around anus: secrete milky product, odorless until metabolized by bacteria

38
Q

difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands on histology slides

A

apocrine have big lumens –> bc secretory product is stored here

anatomy (31 decks)

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