Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Epithelial Tissue I and II > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue I and II Flashcards

1
Q

what is epithelial function

A
  • protection
  • transcellular transport
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • sensory detection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe what epithelial cells are made of/their functions

A
  • are ALWAYS avascular –> don’t have blood vessels
  • >can’t get too thick as it has to access nearby vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do epithelial cells exhibit?

A

POLARITY

attached basally to a basement membrane
apical side faces into lumen/outside world

lateral domain borders neighboring cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basal domain

A

borders on basement membrane, related to underlying connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name an apical specialization

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do microvilli do?

A

they extend into the lumen to increase surface area for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are microvilli found?

A

places like the intestines or the kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the make up of microvilli?

A

they have an actin core

actin is STIFF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the glycocalyx and what does it do?

A

is: carb chains linked to membrane proteins or lipids
does: associated with microvilli and aids absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are cilia?

A

mobile, hair like structures that extend from dark basal bodies

they always move and tend to do so in the same direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what core do cilia have?

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do the microtubules change within a cilia?

A

basal bodies: near the base, 9 triplet formation

cilium proper: near the top, 9 + 2 arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the lateral domain functions

A

1) form a selective barrier
2) adherence
3) communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are lateral interdigitations and what do they do?

A

they are infoldings between cells

are prominent in cells engaged in fluid transport —> ex: intestines

they increase lateral surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the junctional complex made of?

A

zonula occludens (tight junction) —-> more apical

zonula adherens (intermediate junction)

macula adherens (desmosome) —-> still apical but less so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the zonula occludens function?

A

form a protective barrier between epithelial cells

separates the luminal space from the intercellular space and the CT compartment

is the first line of defense

essentially the police

has intermittent contact and separations of lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the zonula adherens function

A

cell to cell adhesion as cells do not contact each other

18
Q

how do cells connect?

A

integral membrane proteins

the cells themselves do not touch - are instead connected by a bridge essentially

19
Q

what is the macula adherens function?

A

cell to cell adhesion

20
Q

what are macula adherens made up of?

A

attachment plaques (gives stability), intermediate filaments, linking proteins

21
Q

what are gap junctions?

A

specialized lateral domain

22
Q

what do gap junctions do?

A

exchange or signaling between adjacent cells

found in tissues that accomplish coordinated functions —> ex: cardiac muscle, neurons

23
Q

what is the structure of a gap junction?

A

one cell membrane that has connexons that can be open or closed

connexons connect to other connexons to pass things between cells

24
Q

what are lateral domains made up of?

A

the junctional complex + gap junctions

25
Q

name a basal domain specialization

A

cell to ECM adhesion

26
Q

what are hemidesmosomes and what are they associated with?

A

1/2 a desmosome and help the epithelial cell attach to the basal lamina

are associated with attachment plaques and intermediate filaments

27
Q

describe focal adhesions/what they are associated with

A

associated with actin filaments

important for mechanoreception and proprioception

28
Q

how are covering epithelium classified?

A

by the number of cell layers (either simple or stratified)

shape of cell closest to lumen/outside world

29
Q

name the types of simple classifications

A

1) squamous - flat
2) cubodial - square/cubes
3) columnar - taller

30
Q

name the 2 types of stratified epithelium and how they are specifically named

A

non-keratinized (very tough) and keratinized (toughest)

named for shape of cells in the apical layer

31
Q

what is the pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

SIMPLE EPITHELIUM

1 cell layer thick

all cells “touch” the basement membrane but don’t all reach the lumen

32
Q

what is the transitional epithelium?

A

STRATIFIED

unique rounded surface cells, distensible property (=urothelium)

ONLY FOUND IN URINARY BLADDER

round = no urine, distended = lots of urine

33
Q

name the 2 types of gland tissue and what they do

A

1) parenchyma: epithelial cells —> working cells
2) stroma: CT —> supporting tissue

34
Q

what do endocrine glands do

A

secrete hormones into blood or lymphatic vessels located in CT

35
Q

what do exocrine glands do

A

secrete into ducts

36
Q

describe endocrine glands

A

-small secretory granules located in basal cytoplasm

are polarized TOWARD the basement membrane —> REVERSE POLARITY

secretion can be constitutive or regulated

37
Q

how are exocrine glands classified?

A
  1. structure (branching of ducts): simple or compound
    1. can also be under shape of secretory unit: tubular, acinar (berry), etc
  2. type of secretion: serous (watery) or mucous
38
Q

describe serous-secreting compound glands

A
  • pyramidal-shaped cells
  • basally located, round nuclei
  • basophilic basal cytoplasm
  • apical cytoplasm: lighter stained, secretory granules
39
Q

what organelle is abundant in the basal portion of the cell?

A

rER

40
Q

where is the golgi complex located?

A

supranuclear

41
Q

where are the secretory granules located?

A

apical cytoplasm (toward lumen)

42
Q

describe mucous-secreting glands

A
  • goblet cells: not in a gland
  • secretes mucins (hydrophilic glycoproteins)

TEM: rER in basal portion of cell, supranuclear golgi complex, secretory granules in apical region

STAINING: pale apical cytoplasm, darkly stained nuclei basally

Anatomy (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions