Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen > Flashcards

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

describe the liver and its functions

A

LARGEST GLAND

functions:
-carb, protein, fat metabolism
-forms bile
-destroys old red blood cells
-vitamin and iron storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does bile do?

A

mixes with chyme in stomach

needed for emulsification, absorption and digestion of fat and makes intestinal contents more alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is contained within the lesser omentum?

A

portal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the hepatic artery?

A

+ branches supply oxygenated blood to the liver = roughly 25% of liver’s blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the portal vein?

A

delivers blood drained from abdominal digestive organs to the liver

delivers roughly 75% of liver’s blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the bile duct?

A

delivers bile from liver (and gall bladder) to the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the portal (=hepatic portal) vein collect blood from?

A

1) gastroduodenal vein
—> craniopancreatico-duodenal vein (L lobe of pancreas and duodenum)
—> right gastroepiploic vein (greater curvature of stomach)
2) splenic vein
—> left gastroepiploic vein (greater curvature of stomach)
—> pancreatics (R lobe of pancreas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name the 3 parts of the portal triad (flow of blood and bile within lobular liver)

A

1) portal areas (traids, tracts, fields)
2) hepatic sinusoids, bile canaliculi
3) centrilobular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the portal areas of the portal triad

A

regions containing microscopic branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile ductule

bile ductule lined by cuboidal cholangiocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the hepatic sinusoids/bile canaliculi of the portal triad

A

hepatocytes interact with venous and arterial blood in hepatic sinusoids

also secrete bile into bile canaliculi that transport bile to the bile ductules as part of the biliary system

canaliculi = channels formed by tight junctions between hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the centrilobular region of the portal triad

A

deoxygenated, processed blood is carried to the central vein which ultimately drains into the caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the liver drain to caudal vena cava?

A

via hepatic veins

multiple hepatic veins drain blood from the liver –> anatomically very short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the functions of the gall bladder

A

-bile storage (from liver)
-concentration –> removal of water from electrolytes
-duodenum/jejunum release cholecystokinin that causes gallbladder to rhythmically contract and causes sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to relax in order to release bile into duodenum

-bile emulsifies fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the sphincter of oddi do?

A

controls bile and pancreatic juice drainage

-prevents bile from entering duodenum and instead it flow up the cystic duct to gallbladder for concentration and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the mucosa in the gallbladder

A

simple columnar epithelium with short microvilli

Na+ and water are transported into the lamina propria as part of bile concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the muscularis externa in the gallbladder

A

multiple smooth muscle layers for peristalsis to empty bile from gallbladder

17
Q

describe adventitia/serosa in the gallbladder

A

dense CT adventitia anchors it to the liver –> free surface covered by serosa (peritoneum)

18
Q

how does bile flow in the equine liver

A

FLOWS CONTINUALLY BC NO GALLBLADDER

widened bile duct delivers bile to duodenum

19
Q

describe the pancreatic ducts and the pancreas type

A

pancreatic ducts form within the body of the pancreas and drains into the duodenum

–> smaller gland with 2 components: exocrine and endocrine

20
Q

describe the exocrine gland component of the pancreas

A

produces a digestive juice that is discharged into duodenum through ducts

juice contains enzymes that break down protein, carbs, and fats

21
Q

describe the endocrine gland component of the pancreas

A

cell clumps scattered between exocrine acini called pancreatic islets –> are the source of insulin, glucagon, and gastrin

critical for carb metabolism

22
Q

what is the left lobe of the pancreas adjacent to? the right lobe?

A

left: adjacent to great curvature
right: descending duodenum

23
Q

how do the exocrine secretions work in the pancreas?

A

secrete digestive enzymes from pancreatic acini

acinus –> intercalated duct –> intralobular duct

24
Q

how do the endocrine secretions work in the pancreas?

A

secrete hormones from islets of langerhans

release into capillaries

25
Q

what are acinar cells?

A

release granules of digestive enzymes

26
Q

what are centroacinar cells?

A

produce alkaline fluid to keep digestive enzymes inactive

27
Q

describe pancreatic acini

A

compound tubuloacinar serous glands
40-50 acinar cells per pancreatic acinus
basal lamina separates acinar cells from septa
3-4 centroacinar cells of intercalated duct in lumen

28
Q

what is the function of islet of langerhans?

A

secrete hormones that regulate blood sugar and digestion into fenestrated capillaries

29
Q

describe islet of langerhans

A

1 islet may contain hundreds of cells
1 million islets per pancreas
pale staining cells
each islet is heavily vascularized

30
Q

describe alpha/A cells

A

20% of islet cells
periphery of islet
PRODUCES GLUCAGON

31
Q

describe beta/B cells

A

70% of islet cells
center of islet
PRODUCES INSULIN

32
Q

describe delta/D cells

A

5% of islet cells
periphery of islet
PRODUCES SOMATOSTATIN

33
Q

what 2 arteries anastomose along the pancreas and 1st part of duodenum

A

celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries

34
Q

describe the spleen and its functions

A

LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN

functions:
-store RBC’s and platelets
-destroy old RBC’s
-filters foreign particles, bacteria and phagocytic cells
-produce lymphocytes

35
Q

where does the spleen originate?

A

dorsal mesogastrium

36
Q

describe the red pulp of the spleen

A

contains numerous macrophages in splenic cords and splenic sinuses that hemolyze damaged RBCs

37
Q

describe the white pulp of the spleen

A

contains about a quarter of the body’s lymphocytes that attack antigens circulating in blood

Anatomy (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions