Thorax 4: Heart

Question 1

describe the pericardium

Answer 1

-balloon structure around the heart

-visceral layer –> innermost
-parietal layer –> outermost layer

Question 2

where is the pericardial space? what does it lie between?

Answer 2

lies between the parietal and visceral layer around the heart

Question 3

what does the parietal layer form?

Answer 3

pericardium

Question 4

what does the visceral layer form?

Answer 4

epicardium

Question 5

what is the correct name for heartworm?

Answer 5

traumatic pericarditis

Question 6

what are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 6

R artrium
R ventricle
L atrium
L ventricle

Question 7

where are the cranial/caudal vena cava located?

Answer 7

R atrium (leads deoxygenated blood into it)

Question 8

what are the 4 valves of the heart?

Answer 8

-pulmonary semilunar valve
-tricuspid valve (aortic)
-aortic semilunar valve
-bicuspid valve

Question 9

what are the 2 auricles and where are they located?

Answer 9

R and L auricle

located on respective atria

Question 10

what is the coronary sulcus?

Answer 10

separates the atria from the ventricles

Question 11

what is the interventricular sulcus?

Answer 11

separates the ventricles

Question 12

what is the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 12

arises from the base of the R ventricle

passes behind the ascending aorta and splits into L and R pulmonary arteries to provide blood for oxygenation in the lungs

Question 13

what is the cardiac wall made up of?

Answer 13

-epicardium –> visceral pericardium
-myocardium –> cardiac muscle
-endocardium –> endothelium

Question 14

what do the pectinate muscles do?

Answer 14

contract atrial walls

Question 15

what 3 things make up the valves?

Answer 15

1) cusps
2) chordae tendineae
3) papillary muscle

Question 16

where is the trabecula septomarginalis located?

Answer 16

moderator band

only in R ventricle in most mammals

Question 17

where is the trabeculae carneae located?

Answer 17

in both ventricles

Question 18

what are the first branches of the aorta?

Answer 18

coronary arteries

Question 19

where do the coronary veins drain? what does this result in?

Answer 19

coronary sinus –> opens the right atrium

Question 20

describe the pathway of the conducting system of the heart

Answer 20

sinoatrial node –> atrioventricular node –> R/L bundle —> purkinje fibers

Question 21

describe the deep/caudal part of the cardiac plexus

Answer 21

R sympathetic trunk (T1-T4 nerves)
R vagus nerve
R recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 22

describe the superficial/cranial part of the cardiac plexus

Answer 22

L sympathetic trunk
L vagus nerve