Urogenital apparatus (urinary + female repro) Fall 2023.pdf Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys (2) - GO THROUGH SLIDES (too many pics)
* Location:
– Lumbar region
– Attached to the ceiling of the ? cavity
– ? (serous membrane) covers the ventral aspect
– Surrounded by ?

  • Role:
    – Filter ?
    – ? function (?, erythropoietin)
A

Kidneys (2)
* Location:
– Lumbar region
– Attached to the ceiling of the abdominal cavity
– peritoneum (serous membrane) covers the ventral aspect
– Surrounded by fat

  • Role:
    – Filter plasma
    – endocrine function (renin, erythropoietin)
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2
Q

Kidneys

  • External features:
    – ? shaped
    – ? (yellow arrow) is medially oriented
A

Kidneys

  • External features:
    – bean shaped
    – Hillus (yellow arrow) is medially oriented (where entry and exit occurs)

Note: a hilus is an indented area on the surface of an internal organ where vessels and functional ducts enter/exit that organ.

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3
Q

KIDNEYS

structure:
- cortex
- medulla
-> renal ?
-> renal ?
- renal sinus (the fold)
- renal ? (collects ? from the renal crest

A

KIDNEYS

structure:
- cortex
- medulla
-> renal pyramid
-> renal crest
- renal sinus (the fold)
- renal pelvis (collects urine from the renal crest

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4
Q

Ureters

  • ? urine
  • Emerge from the ? of kidney
  • Run caudally to the dorsal aspect of the urinary ?
  • ? (not explicit or done in a direct way) passage through its wall
  • Are compressed if ? pressure rises
A

Ureters

  • drain urine
  • Emerge from the hilus of kidney
  • Run caudally to the dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder
  • Oblique (not explicit or done in a direct way) passage through its wall
  • Are compressed if intravesical pressure rises
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5
Q

Urinary Bladder (3)

  • Deposits ? between micturitions
  • Position varies based on its ?: floor of abdomen or floor of pelvic inlet
  • External Features:
    – ?
    – ?
    – Neck
  • No visible ?, but urethral muscle keeps the urethra constricted

dorsal view as both ureters fully seen and in ventral view can’t see ureters fully

A

Urinary Bladder (3)

  • Deposits urine between micturitions (urinating)
  • Position varies based on its plenitude: floor of abdomen or floor of pelvic inlet
  • External Features:
    – Apex
    – Body
    – Neck
  • No visible sphincter, but urethral muscle keeps the urethra constricted
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6
Q

Urethra

Female:
- short ? only
- runs caudally in pelvic cavity to open at junction of ? and ?

Male:
- ?, 2 segments:
-> pelvic - receives ? deferens
-> penile - inside the ?

A

Urethra

Female:
- short pelvic only
- runs caudally in pelvic cavity to open at junction of vagina and vestibule

Male:
- long, 2 segments:
-> pelvic - receives ducti deferens
-> penile - inside the penis

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7
Q

Urogenital apparatus
- Female reproductive viscera -

Overview
* Ovaries (4) = female gonads
* Uterine tube (5)
* Uterus (6) with cervix (7)
* Vagina (8)
* Vestibule (10)
* Vulva (12)

Ovaries (6) * Topography:
– ? part of the abdomen, lumbar region
– Close to the tips of the ? of the uterus
– Attached to abdominal wall and ? via ligaments, enclosed in an ovarian bursa.

  • Role:
    – Female ?
    – ? function
    (estrogen, progesterone,
    testosterone, etc.)
A

Urogenital apparatus
- Female reproductive viscera -

Overview
* Ovaries (4) = female gonads
* Uterine tube (5)
* Uterus (6) with cervix (7)
* Vagina (8)
* Vestibule (10)
* Vulva (12)

Ovaries (6) * Topography:
– dorsal part of the abdomen, lumbar region
– Close to the tips of the horns of the uterus
– Attached to abdominal wall and uterus via ligaments, enclosed in an ovarian bursa.

  • Role:
    – Female gametogenesis
    – endocrine function
    (estrogen, progesterone,
    testosterone, etc.)
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8
Q

Ovary - structure

  • ? in shape, composed of two layers (see bolded below)
  • Contains a reserve of ?

Uterine tube (Salpinx, Fallopian tube)
- Role: catches the ?, after ?; site of ? (ampulla); delivers fertilized ova in the uterine horn
- infundibulum - funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube; covers the ? to capture the oocyte, after the rupture of a mature follicle

A

Ovary - structure

  • ovoid in shape, composed of two layers (see bolded below)
  • Contains a reserve of follicles

Uterine tube (Salpinx, Fallopian tube)
- Role: catches the oocyte, after ovulation; site of fertilization (ampulla); delivers fertilized ova in the uterine horn
- infundibulum - funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube; covers the ovary to capture the oocyte, after the rupture of a mature follicle

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9
Q

Uterus

  • Role: Site of ?, ensures physiological
    ? between the fetus and the mother
  • Structure: ? (mucosa), ? (muscle), perimetrium -> broad ligaments.
  • “ which letter? ” shaped
  • In abdomen:
    – Uterine horns (long) (1, 1’)
    – Uterine body (short) (2)
  • Location in abdomen depends on number of ?
  • In pelvic cavity: – Cervix
A

Uterus

  • Role: Site of gestation, ensures physiological
    exchanges between the fetus and the mother
  • Structure: endometrium (mucosa), myometrium (muscle), perimetrium -> broad ligaments.
  • “ Y ” shaped
  • In abdomen:
    – Uterine horns (long) (1, 1’)
    – Uterine body (short) (2)
  • Location in abdomen depends on number of gestations
  • In pelvic cavity: – Cervix
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10
Q

Cervix

  • Controls access to and from the ?.
  • Partially projects into the vaginal ?.

external uterine orifice: 2 orifices (one faces the cranially - towards BODY so thats the INTERNAL one and there’s also external one that faces away from body - caudally) - see pic

A

Cervix

  • Controls access to and from the vagina
  • Partially projects into the vaginal lumen
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11
Q

Vagina and vestibule

  • ? organ & birth canal
  • Urethral orifice separates the vagina from the vestibule
  • Vestibule
    – Combines ? and urinary functions.
A

Vagina and vestibule

  • copulatory organ & birth canal
  • Urethral orifice separates the vagina from the vestibule
  • Vestibule
    – Combines reproductive and urinary functions.
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12
Q

VULVA

  • ventral commissure - pointed
    -> fossa clitoridis & ? (not to be confused with urethral orifice!)
  • dorsal commissure - rounded or square?
A

VULVA

  • ventral commissure - pointed
    -> fossa clitoridis & clitoris (not to be confused with urethral orifice!)
  • dorsal commissure - rounded

all species except mares have non-pointy ventral commisura
here rounded dorsal commissure and ventral is pointy

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13
Q

Placenta - a temporary organ for gestation

  • The structure of the ? varies depending on the species.
  • Bitch: zonary placenta - 3 zones:
    – a ? zone (red arrow)
    – a ? zone at either end of the transfer zone (black arrows)
    – a relatively ? zone (yellow arrows)

Mammary glands
* Are modified sweat glands responsible for ?
* The number of pairs varies with the species; usually ? pairs in bitches.
* Their lymphatic drainage is relevant for ? removal of tumors.

pic: it drains from thoracic to abdominal to inguinal (so caudally)

A

Placenta - a temporary organ for gestation

  • The structure of the placenta varies depending on the species.
  • Bitch: zonary placenta - 3 zones:
    – a transfer zone (red arrow)
    – a pigmented zone at either end of the transfer zone (black arrows)
    – a relatively nonvascular zone (yellow arrows)

Mammary glands
* Are modified sweat glands responsible for lactation
* The number of pairs varies with the species; usually 5 pairs in bitches.
* Their lymphatic drainage is relevant for the surgical removal of tumors.

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14
Q

practice question

The urine is drained into the urinary bladder directly by the ____.
* Renal pelvis
* Penile urethra
* Ureters
* Urethral opening * Pelvic urethra

A

The urine is drained into the urinary bladder directly by the ____.
Ureters

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15
Q

Choose the correct statement regarding the uterus.
* Its myometrium contains maturing follicles.
* It is the site of fertilization.
* It is wrapped in a serous membrane called endometrium.
* It is Y shaped in bitches.
* The uterine tubes are part of it.

A
  • uterus is Y shaped in bitches.
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16
Q
A