Sm. animal GI tract anatomy (Struc) Flashcards
LOOK AT THE SLIDES FOR PICS (way too many pics to put here)
Oral cavity
* starts between the lips and continues into the ?;
- it has two segments: oral ? between the teeth and margins of the ? (internally) and the lips and cheeks (externally).
oral cavity proper
inside dental arch.
- it is ? to the nasal cavity (recall: NO) - dorsal boundary of the oral
cavity- the hard and soft palate; - Lateral boundaries- the ?;
- caudal boundary – ? arch (7);
- ? (Extra) organs –the tong, salivary glands and the teeth.
LOOK AT THE SLIDES FOR PICS (way too many pics to put here)
Oral cavity
* starts between the lips and continues into the pharynx;
- it has two segments: oral vestibule between the teeth and margins of the jaws (internally) and the lips and cheeks (externally).
oral cavity proper
inside dental arch.
- it is ventral to the nasal cavity (recall: NO) - dorsal boundary of the oral cavity- the hard and soft palate;
- Lateral boundaries- the cheeks;
- caudal boundary – palatoglossal arch (7);
- annexed (Extra) organs –the tong, salivary glands and the teeth.
The tongue
- is a highly muscular organ capable of both ? and precise movements;
- occupies the greater part of the ? cavity;
- it has three segments: base (root), ? and ?;
- covered by ?: filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate papillae
- in cats the filiform papillae are keratinized – ? papillae
The tongue
- is a highly muscular organ capable of both vigorous and precise movements;
- occupies the greater part of the oral cavity;
- it has three segments: base (root), apex and root (forming floor of oropharynx);
- covered by mucosa: filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate papillae
- in cats the filiform papillae are keratinized – ** imp! -> conical papillae **
The salivary glands
secretes saliva;
* keeps the interior of the mouth ?;
* facilitates ?;
* ? food passage.
small (minor) salivary glands;
* lips, cheeks, and ?, soft palate, ?, and esophagus.
major salivary glands;
* ? gland (1)
* Mandibular gland (3)
* ? gland (7)
* Zygomatic gland (specific for carnivores) (8)
The salivary glands
secretes saliva;
* keeps the interior of the mouth moist;
* facilitates mastication;
* lubricates food passage.
small (minor) salivary glands;
* lips, cheeks, and tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and esophagus.
major salivary glands;
* parotid gland (1)
* Mandibular gland (3)
* sublingual gland (7)
* Zygomatic gland (specific for carnivores) (8)
Dentition
Brachydont type:
The large elements of a tooth:
CROWN
- covered by ? (imp. as its the strongest and covers gum)
The enamel stops at the level of the ?;
Neck
- between crown and ? of the tooth
Root
- covered by ?
- is implanted in a separate
?
BRACHYDONT
? crowns, well-developed ?, and an obvious division between the crown and root (carnivores / humans)
HYPSODONT
High-crowned teeth and enamel extending ? to the gum line, providing extra material for future ? and wear. (Ruminants / ?)
Dentition
Brachydont type:
The large elements of a tooth:
CROWN
- covered by enamel (imp. as its the strongest and covers gum)
The enamel stops at the level of the neck;
Neck
- between crown and root of the tooth
Root
- covered by cementum
- is implanted in a separate
socket
BRACHYDONT
short crowns, well-developed roots, and an obvious division between the crown and root (carnivores / humans)
HYPSODONT
High-crowned teeth and enamel extending deep to the gum line, providing extra material for future eruption and wear. (Ruminants / equine)
DENTITION
permanent vs deciduous
normal permanent eruption
retained deciduous (erupts at wrong place - wrong place)
Dentition: mouth divided into 4 quadrants
I3 - C1 - P#? - M2 / I3 - C1 - P4 - M#? = 42
Triadan numbering system
starts from right upper (101-1?) to left upper (201 - 210) to left lower (301 - 311) to right lower (401 - ?)
DENTITION
permanent vs deciduous
normal permanent eruption
retained deciduous (erupts at wrong place - wrong place)
Dentition: mouth divided into 4 quadrants
I3 - C1 - P#? - M2 / I3 - C1 - P4 - M#? = 42
(note: 3 molars at the bottom and 2 at top)
P4 upper carnassial tooth (fracture)
Dentition: mouth divided into 4 quadrants
I3 - C1 - P#? - M2 / I3 - C1 - P4 - M#? = 42
Triadan numbering system
starts from right upper (101-110) to left upper (201 - 210) to left lower (301 - 311) to right lower (401 - 411)
The pharynx
- It is a funnel-shaped chamber;
- It lies behind the ? cavity and continues into the ?;
- It is common segment for the ? system and the digestive system;
- It is divided into three parts:
?pharynx
nasopharynx
?pharynx
The pharynx
- It is a funnel-shaped chamber;
- It lies behind the oral cavity and continues into the pharynx;
- It is common segment for the respiratory system and the digestive system;
- It is divided into three parts:
oropharynx
nasopharynx
laryngopharynx
LARYNX
Cartilaginous “?-box” between the pharynx and the trachea.
It lies ? (dorsal or ventral?) to the esophagus. Its function is to PROTECT THE ?, make ?, and divert food and water into the ?.
LARYNX
Cartilaginous “voice-box” between the pharynx and the trachea.
It lies below (ventral) to the esophagus. Its function is to PROTECT THE airway, make sound, and divert food and water into the oesophagus.
(see where larynx is on the pic)
The esophagus
- Conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach;
- It has three parts: ? part; ? part;
? part;
The stomach
* Is the dilated part of the digestive system;
* Placed between the esophagus and duodenum;
* Here the digestion is initiated;
* It has two orifices: * ? * (communication with the esophagus) and * ? * (communication with the duodenum);
- Left extremity- ?;
- Right extremity- ? extremity;
- Between the extremities is the ? (corpus) of the stomach;
- Lesser curvature-; faces ?
- Greater curvature- faces ?
The esophagus
- Conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach;
- It has three parts: cervical part; thoracic part; abdominal part
The stomach
* Is the dilated part of the digestive system;
* Placed between the esophagus and duodenum;
* Here the digestion is initiated;
* It has two orifices: * cardia * (communication with the esophagus) and * pyloric * (communication with the duodenum);
- Left extremity- fundus
- Right extremity- pyloric extremity;
- Between the extremities is the body (corpus) of the stomach;
- Lesser curvature-; faces right
- Greater curvature- faces left
The stomach
Structure- #? distinct layers;
- ?- the peritoneum;
- covers the entire ?; - The ? muscle layer
- three overlapping but incomplete layers; - ?- gastric glands.
In dog and cat- simple stomach
- completely glandular.
The stomach
Structure- #3 distinct layers;
- SEROSA- the peritoneum;
- covers the entire organ - The SMOOTH muscle layer
- three overlapping but incomplete layers; - MUCOSA- gastric glands.
In dog and cat- simple stomach
- completely glandular.
The small intestine segments
Duodenum
-is ?;
-is the most ? part of the small intestine;
-is suspended by the ?;
- continue with the ?
Jejunum
-is the shortest or longest? segment of the small intestine;
-it forms the ? of the small intestine;
- continue with the ?.
Ileum
-is the last or first? segment;
-is short or long?;
In dogs, the ileum opens into the ascending colon- known as ** ? **
** Gastrointestinal tracts of (A) the dog ** includes:
1, Stomach; 2, small intestine; 3, ?; 4, ? colon; 5, ? colon (PIC)
The small intestine segments
Duodenum
-is short;
-is the most fixed part of the small intestine;
-is suspended by the mesoduodenum;
- continue with the jejunum
Jejunum
-is the longest segment of the small intestine; -it forms the coils of the small intestine;
- continue with the ileum.
Ileum
-is the last segment;
-is short;
In dogs, the ileum opens into the ascending colon- ileocolic orifice.
** Gastrointestinal tracts of (A) the dog ** includes:
1, Stomach; 2, small intestine; 3, cecum; 4, ascending colon; 5, descending colon (PIC)
The large intestine segments
CECUM
- ?;
-is twisted in dog and a small ? shaped in cats;
-located to the right side of the ?;
-communicates with the ? colon- cecocolic orifice.
COLON
-continues the ?;
colon has three segments:
- ? colon- lies on the right;
- ? colon- runs from right to left;
- ? colon- lies on the left;
RECTUM
-? part of the large intestine;
-continue with the ?.
The large intestine segments
CECUM
- short;
-is twisted in dog and a small coma shaped in cats;
-located to the right side of the abdomen;
-communicates with the ascending colon- ** cecocolic orifice **
COLON
-continues the cecum;
colon has three segments:
- ascending colon- lies on the right;
- transverse colon- runs from right to left;
- descending colon- lies on the left;
RECTUM
-last part of the large intestine;
-continue with the anus.
The liver
- located in the most ? part of the abdomen;
- immediately behind the ? muscle;
- in dog has #? lobes:
- right lateral lobe;
- right medial lobe;
- left lateral lobe;
- left medial lobe;
- ? lobe;
- ? lobe;
two surfaces:
Parietal (diaphragmatic) surface;
-? aspect
-direct contact with the ? m.
visceral surface;
-? aspect
-direct contact with the ?, right kidney .
The liver
- located in the most cranial part of the abdomen;
- immediately behind the diaphragm muscle;
- in dog has 6 lobes:
- right lateral lobe;
- right medial lobe;
- left lateral lobe;
- left medial lobe;
- quadrate lobe;
- caudate lobe;
two surfaces:
Parietal (diaphragmatic) surface;
-convex aspect
-direct contact with the diaphragm m.
visceral surface;
-concave aspect
-direct contact with the stomach and right kidney.
