Struc func bio 2 8VP Tendons & 9 VP Thoracic limbs & 10 VP Pelvic limbs Flashcards
Muscle Attachments may vary considerably in what and what?
vary considerably in shape and how they attach to bone or cartilage, ranging from a flattened fibrous sheet (aponeurosis) to a fibrous cord-like structure (tendon).
what are these 2 things below
Aponeurosis: fibrous connective tissue arranged as a thin ? of tissue
serves as a ?
Raphe: what is it?
what is linea alba?
sheet
wide attachment for muscles to bone or other muscles
Raphe: a “Seam”!; a line of union btw the halves of various symmetrical parts
e.g. dorsal raphe of the neck where several cervical muscles attach
linea alba (white line)
TENDON
what is it?
originates from where?
color?
great resistance to?
have low or high metabolic needs? poorly or highly vascularized? do they hemorrhage when they cut? downside of previous question?
Tendon of origin is known as? insertion?
tendon is a dense connective tissue which originates from muscle goes over a joint and attaches another bone (ligament bone to bone)
brilliant white color
Great resistance to mechanical loads.
* Tendons have low metabolic needs, are poorly vascularized, and do not hemorrhage when cut.
* These features have their adverse side: damaged tendons are inevitably slow to heal.
Tendon of origin is known as proximal attachment; insertion = distal attachment
Superficial Digital Flexor (SDF) Tendon
Deep Digital Flexor (DDF) Tendon - do they have anything else besides tendons?
no (carpus to foot no muscle)
PROTECTIVE STRUC OF TENDONS
Tendons may be damaged by excessive pressure or friction, particularly when they change
direction over bony prominences or are shifted over hard tissues.
(look at slide slide 9 of 8vp) deep digital flexor tendon has “what?” to keep it from tearing from constant physical contact with distal seasmoid bone?
If a greater part of the circumference is
vulnerable, the cushion wraps around the tendon: what is the wrap called?
is present only when one side of the tendon comes in contact with the bone - what is it?
- fibrocartilagenous segment
- wrap is Called tendon sheath
- synovial bursa
Tendon injuries
Tendinopathies may be caused by several factors.
Intrinsic factors including ?
Extrinsic factors are often related to?
Excessive tension can detach a fragment of bone at the insertion known as?
intrinsic: body weight, age, nutrition
extrinsic: often related to sports, excessive forces or loading, poor training techniques and environmental conditions
avulsion - excessive tendon can detach a fragment of bone at the insertion (insertion where it moves)
2nd image of HUMERUS
label
- greater tubercle
- head
- lesser tubercle
- teres major tuberosity
- deltoid tuberosity
- medial epicondyle (condyle: a rounded protuberance at the end of bones)
- condyle
- lateral epicondyle
- intertubercular groove
what is 1, 6 & 5
Shoulder joint is aka ? and ?
shoulder joint is aka scapulohumeral joint and glenohumeral joint (between glenoid cavity of scapula and humerus)
- scapula
- joint capsule
- humerus
SUPRASPINATOUS
O
I
A?
SUPRASPINATOUS
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: extension of the shoulder
Elbow is aka?
3 joints in elbow joint: ?
label
label
Elbow is aka humeroradioulnar joint
3 joints of the elbow joint are
1. humeroradial
2. humeroulnar
3. proximal radioulnar
- distal humerus
5 - Distal humerus
11 - lateral collateral ligament
13 – radius
14 - ulna
15 - joint capsule;
19 - biceps brachii
21 - medial collateral ligament
TRICEPS BRACHII
O
I
A
BICEPS BRACHII
O
I
A
SUPINATOR
O
I
A
PRONATOR TERES
O
I
A
TRICEPS BRACHII (SHUEEFS)
Origin: Caudal border of scapula and proximal humerus
Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna
Action:Extension of the elbow flex the shoulder
BICEPS BRACHII (SRUTFEES)
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Radial and Ulnar Tuberosity (cranial, medial)
Action: Flex the elbow, Extend the shoulder
SUPINATOR
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Cranial radius
Action: Supinate antebrachium (turn inward)
PRONATOR TERES
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Cranial and medial aspect of the radius
Action: Pronate the antebrachium (turn outward)
Antebrachiocarpal joint between:?
Middle carpal joint between:
Carpometacarpal joint between:
Antebrachiocarpal joint between: the distal radius / ulna and the carpal bones.
Middle carpal joint between: the two rows of carpal bones
Carpometacarpal joint between: the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpals.
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Origin:
Insertion:
Action: (given in name itself!)
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (same as pronator teres’s O; pronator less words than supinator, flexor less words than extensor)
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon
Insertion: Accessory carpal bone
Action: Flex the Carpus
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS (same O as supinator so SUPERMAN flying up = back straight: extension)
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Metacarpal bones II and III
Action: Extend the Carpus
label the SCAPULA
A. Lateral C. Medial
- spine
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
number 6 = supraglenoid tubercle
number 7 = acromion
number 12 = glenoid cavity (ball and socket - this is the socket)
TERES MAJOR
O
I
A?
TERES MAJOR
O: causal border of scapula
I: tires major tuberosity
A: shoulder flexion
1 olecranon
2 anconeal process
3 trochlear notch
6 lateral styloid process, ulna
8 medial styloid process, radius
Label the joints of the pelvic limb
- 1st yellow arrow
- red circle
- green circle
- 2nd yellow arrow
- 3rd yellow arrow
- 4th yellow arrow
- sacroiliac joint
- coxofemoral joint
- stifle joint
- tarsus
5.metatarsophalangeal jts. - proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.
where is the pubis, sacroiliac joint, ilium, sacrum and ischium?
COXOFEMORAL JOINT
what are the primary movements of it?
also allows for ?
head of femur fits into ?
acetabulum is similar to ? (where humerus fits into)
acetabulum and head of femur -> which ones like a ball and which one like a socket?
primary movements of it: flexion and extension
also allows for abduction, adduction and circumdtion
head of femur fits into acetabulum
acetabulum is similar to glenoid cavity where humerus fits into
acetabulum is like a socket and head of femur like a ball
Flexion and Extension Example
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS M. (4 heads; here only 2 shown)
what is the red and blue box?
red = rectus femoris
blue = vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
O = pelvis (ilium - cranial to the acetabulum)
I = tibial tuberosity
A = flex hip; extend stifle
Vastur lateralis (on the lateral side)
O = proximal femur
I = tibial tuberosity
A = flex the hip, extend the stifle
Flexion and Extension Example
Semitendinosus m. : what is it?
O
I
Action
semitendinous muscle is a hamstring muscle
O: Pelvis (ischiatic tuberosity)
I: Proximal, caudal tibia & also to Calcaneus (a tarsal bone)
A: extend hip, flex stifle, extend hock
IMP! ON test!!!
where is the head of the femur, acetabulum, iliac bone, pubis, ischium?
COXOFEMORAL JOINT
What is joint capsule?
Ligament of the head of the femur (or femoral head) courses from the ? to the ?
which type of joint is the articular capsule?
The joint capsule is the fibrous outer layer and a synovial inner membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication
the articular capsule falls under the synovial joint
ligament of the femoral head - courses from the acetabulum to the head of the femur
STIFLE JOINT
Complex condylar synovial joint
which type of movements does the stifle joint allow?
what joints are present in this joint?
Many ligaments associated with the stifle
which type of movements does the stifle joint allow? - only flexion and extension
what joints are present in this joint?
- femorotibial
- femoropatellar
- proximal tibiofibular
Many ligaments associated with the stifle
Menisci and associated ligaments
- Two menisci’s (medial and lateral): they are shaped like a letter. which letter?
fibro connective or fibrocartilae discs?
located between ?
***IMP!! “patellar ligament connects what and what”?
where is the patellar ligament located? (hint: between ?);
where is tendon of quadriceps on the pic?
C-shaped
located between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia
patellar ligament is located between the tibial tuberosity and patella and it connects tibia to patella
Collateral ligaments of the stifle
located on the ? and ? sides of the stifle - ?
help stabilize the ?
lateral collateral ligament
Located on the lateral and medial sides
of the stifle – extra-articular (intra-articular are the cruciate ligaments)
Help stabilize the stifle
Lateral collateral ligament
* Courses from the femur to the fibula and tibia * Limits medial (varus) motion of the tibia
Medial collateral ligament
* Courses from the femur to the tibia (as the fibula is not present on the medial side)
* Limits lateral (valgus) motion of the tibia
Cruciate ligament: where do they course between?
their name based upon?
cranial cruciate ligament
- attaches to the tibia cranially or caudally?
- prevents the tibia from ?
caudal cruciate ligament
- attaches to the tibia cranially or caudally?
- prevents ?
Course between the femur and tibia
Intra-articular
Named for where they attach to the tibia
cranial cruciate ligament
* Attaches to the tibia cranially
* Prevents the tibia from sliding
cranially when the limb bears weight
caudal cruciate ligament
* Attaches to the tibia caudally
* Prevents caudal movement of the tibia when the limb bears weight
