Urogenital Flashcards
Oliguria in the dog/aetiology?
o Chronic renal insufficiency, nephrosis/nephritis, pyometra
o Inadequate water intake, dehydration, acute nephrosis
o Dehydration, renal insufficiency, chronic liver disease
o Endocrine disorders, hepatopathies
o Inadequate water intake, dehydration, acute nephrosis
Oliguria/definition/dog?
o Urine output <50 ml/ttkg/day
o Urine output <100 ml/ttkg/day
o Urine output <30 ml/ttkg/day
o Urine output <6-10 ml/ttkg/day
o Urine output <6-10 ml/ttkg/day
Polydipsia/definition/dog and cat?
o Dog and cat: water intake >50ml/bwkg/day
o Dog: water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day, Cat: water intake >100ml/bwkg/day
o Dog and cat: water intake >100ml/bwkg/day
o Dog: water intake >50ml/bwkg/day, Cat: water intake >100ml/bwkg/day
o Dog: water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day, Cat: water intake >100ml/bwkg/day
Polydipsia/definition/dog:
o Water consumption >50-60ml/bwkg/day
o Water consumption >80-100ml/bwkg/day
o Water consumption >150-180ml/bwkg/day
o Water consumption > 180-200ml/bwkg/day
o Water consumption >80-100ml/bwkg/day
In which endocrine disorder there is NO polydipsia/polyuria?
o Diabetes mellitus o Diabetes insipidus o Hypothyroidism o Cushing's syndrome o Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
The approx. upper limit of inorganic phosphate in the plasma of the dog and cat is?
o 1.2 mmol/l
o 3.5 mmol/l
o 2.0 mmol/l
o 0.8 mmol/l
o 2.0 mmol/l
If a dog is azotaemia, then? (choose the right answer)
o The ammonia level is increased in its blood
o The 1⁄2 of its nephrons has been destroyed in their kidneys
o It may have been dehydrated
o It has urethral obstruction
The ammonia level is increased in its blood
Praerenal azotaemia… Which is the wrong answer?
o Could be due to dehydration
o May cause kidney damage without treatment
o Can be corrected with fluid therapy
o May be caused by urine leaking through the wall of the urinary organs
o May be caused by urine leaking through the wall of the urinary organs
Which treatment is not affecting the severity of proteinuria?
o Renal diet o Antihypertensive drugs o Omega-3 fatty acids o ACE-inhibitors o All of them above decrease proteinuria o None of them above decreases proteinuria
o All of them above decrease proteinuria
IRIS stage-I chronic renal failure is associated with?
o Azotaemia
o Anaemia, metabolic acidosis
o Uraemia
o Decreased specific gravity of urine
o Anaemia, metabolic acidosis
Tror denne: Decreased specific gravity of urine
The creatinine level of dogs and cats with IRIS stage 1 chronic kidney disease is;
o Normal
o >240umol/l
o >340 umol/l
o >440 umol/l
o Normal
Causes of anaemia in chronic kidney patients. Which answer is NOT correct?
o Lack of erythropoietin
o Gastrointestinal bleeding/ulcers
o Deceased survival of red blood cells
o Haemolysis
o Haemolysis
Which treatment does NOT affect the PTH-level in chronic renal cases?
o Feeding renal diet
o Adding phosphorus binders to the diet
o ACE-inhibitor therapy
o ACE-inhibitor therapy
Common symptoms of chronic renal diseases?
o Abdominal pain, polyuria, hypocalcaemia
o Papillary oedema, hypokalaemia, dysuria
o Regenerative anaemia, hypertension, hypophosphataemia
o Non-regenerative anaemia, hypertension, blindness
o Non-regenerative anaemia, hypertension, blindness
Treatment of CKD patients include: (which answer is not correct)?
o Renal diet, phosphorus binders
o ACE-inhibitors, anti-hypertensive drugs
o Erythropoietin inj. Potassium supplementation
o Diuretics per os
o Diuretics per os
The most effective gastric protectant for dogs with chronic kidney disease is:
o pantoprazole
o famotidine
o sucralfate
o benazepril
pantoprazole
The progression of renal diseases caused by: which answer is NOT correct?
o Proteinuria
o Isostenuria
o Hyperparathyroidism
o Glomerular hypertension
o Hyperparathyroidism
Rubber jaw/Underlying disorders/dog
o Chronic thyroid disease, secondary hypothyroidism
o Chronic thyroid disease, secondary hyperthyroidism
o Chronic renal disease, secondary hypoparathyroidsm
o Chronic renal disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism
o Chronic renal disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of anaemia in chronic kidney patients. Which answer is NOT correct?
o Lack of erythropoietin
o Gastrointestinal bleeding/ulcers
o Deceased survival of red blood cells
o Haemolysis
o Haemolysis
What is the main and initiating cause of calcium-phosphorus imbalance in chronic renal failure?
o Inadequate vitamin-D production
o Poor absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract
o Retention of phosphorus
o Nephrocalcinosis
o Retention of phosphorus
Rubber jaw/Underlying disorders/dog
o Chronic thyroid disease, secondary hypothyroidism
o Chronic thyroid disease, secondary hyperthyroidism
o Chronic renal disease, secondary hypoparathyroidsm
o Chronic renal disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism
Chronic renal disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism
Common symptoms of chronic renal diseases?
o Abdominal pain, polyuria, hypocalcaemia
o Papillary oedema, hypokalaemia, dysuria
o Regenerative anaemia, hypertension, hypophosphataemia
o Non-regenerative anaemia, hypertension, blindness
Non-regenerative anaemia, hypertension, blindness
The suspicion of antifreeze poisoning is supported by? Which answer is wrong from the list below?
o The demonstration of calcium-dihydrate crystals in urine sediment
o The detection of ethylene-glycol in blood
o Detection of ethylene-glycol in urine
o The observation of marked halo-signs in the kidneys during ultrasonography
o The demonstration of calcium-dihydrate crystals in urine sediment
(detection of calcium-oxalate monohydrate crystals in urine, from 6h)
What treatment if not adequate for a dog that drank 3dl antifreeze 12 hours ago?
o D-penicillamine
o Haemodialysis
o 4-methylprazole
o Ethanol iv.
o D-penicillamine
Treatment of CKD patients include: (which answer is not correct)?
o Renal diet, phosphorus binders
o ACE-inhibitors, anti-hypertensive drugs
o Erythropoietin inj. Potassium supplementation
o Diuretics per os
o Vitamin-D administration
o Diuretics per os
Causes of hypertension in kidney patients. Which answer is not correct?
o Prolonged activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
o Increased peripheral resistance
o Dehydration
o Systemic vasoconstriction
o Dehydration
Which statement is wrong? In acute kidney failure mannitol infusion…
o Should only be given to a previously rehydrated patient
o Can be repeated up to 5 times in case of anuria
o Can be repeated may times if diuresis is present
o Is recommended in oliguria
o Can be repeated up to 5 times in case of anuria
Symptoms of lower urinary tract disease in small animals? Which answer is wrong?
o Hematuria, pollakiuria
o Stranguria, dysuria
o Polyuria, azotaemia
o Periruia, incontinence
o Polyuria, azotaemia
Most common causes of lower urinary tract disease in cats?
o Bladder tumour, prostate alteration
o Anatomical disorders, foreign bodies
o Bacterial infection, urolithiasis
o Interstitial cystitis, urolithiasis
o Interstitial cystitis, urolithiasis
How would you treat a cat diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (FIC)?
o Antibiotics
o Urine acidifying diet
o Catheterisation, flushing out of the bladder with isotonic saline
o Increase water intake
o Increase water intake
Can be utilised in urocystitis prevention?
o Urine alkalisation
o Urine acidification
o Diuresis
o None of the above
o None of the above
Renal amyloidosis typically found in which cat breed?
o Persian
o Siamese
o Abyssinian
o Bengal
o Abyssinian
Causes of acute interstitial nephritis in small animals?
o E. coli, Proteus ascending infection
o Antifreeze poisoning
o Leptospirosis
o Ureter stone
o Leptospirosis
Which is NOT associated with nephrosis syndrome?
o Subcutaneous oedema
o Glomerulonephropathies
o Hypotension
o Higher thrombosis risk
o Hypotension
Possible causes of hydronephrosis
o Ureter stone
o Granuloma formation following neutralization
o Ascending infection
o Transitional cell carcinoma in the bladder
o Ureter stone
Which of the following conditions does not cause hydronephrosis
o Ureteral torsion
o Ureteral stricture associated with previous surgery
o Ureteral tumor
o Ureterolithiasis
o Ureteral torsion
