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SAM final > Anesthesia and drugs > Flashcards

Anesthesia and drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is highly toxic to cats

A

Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

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2
Q

Which statement is correct regarding anesthesiologic considerations of hypothyreoidism

o Due to thermoregulatory imbalance hyperthermia occurs
o The overall metabolic rate is decreased, drug metabolism is slower, therefore the “vulnerability” of the patient to anesthesia is lower
o Myocardial contractibility is decreased, tachycardia is present
o Obesity results in a limited range of motion of the diaphragm

A

o Obesity results in a limited range of motion of the diaphragm

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3
Q

Which local anesthetic technique is the safest from the patient ́s aspect

o Infiltrational
o Epidural
o Intrathecal
o Paravertebral

A

o Infiltrational

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4
Q

Which color is typical for compensatory stage of shock

o Pale
o Cyanotic
o Dirty red
o Bright red

A

o Bright red

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5
Q

Which procedure is a definite indication for preoperative administration of an antibiotic

o Splenectomy
o Small intestine biopsy
o Ovariectomy
o Removal of previously implanted, infected and fistulating ligament replacement material

A

o Removal of previously implanted, infected and fistulating ligament replacement material

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6
Q

Which statement is correct regarding recovery from anesthesia

o Extubation is done prior to the return of swallowing and coughing reflexes
o If aspiration is not a concern, the cuff of the endotracheal tube is better left inflated on extubation
o Takes place when the administration of the anesthetic (s) are discontinued or antagonists are administered
o The close observation of the patient is no longer necessary after extubation

A

o Takes place when the administration of the anesthetic (s) are discontinued or antagonists are administered

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7
Q

Which corticosteroid is recommended in the treatment of shock

o Methyl-prednisolone Na-succinate
o Prednisolone Na-succinate
o Dexamethasone
o Corticosteroids are not recommended in shock (steroids are NOT recommended)

A

o Methyl-prednisolone Na-succinate

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8
Q

Which statement is correct regarding acepromazine used in small animals

o Because of the inhibitory effect on the thermoregulatory center, hypothermia invariably develops with the usage of acepromazine
o High doses are recommended, as low doses merely prolong duration of action
o It is recommended for young anxious or aggressive patients of a good general condition
o It is anti-arrhythmogenic and anticonvulsive

A

o It is recommended for young anxious or aggressive patients of a good general condition

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9
Q

Stadium analgesia

o Is a transitional phase towards the state of complete unconsciousness
o Pupils are dilated to the maximum, and the cornea has lost its turgor
o Coughing reflex is still present, but endotracheal intubation is possible
o Gradually decreasing level of immobilisation

A

o Is a transitional phase towards the state of complete unconsciousness

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10
Q

Barium-sulphate can be used for which of the following procedures

o Myelography
o Gastric emptying study
o Retrograde cystography
o Arthrography

A

o Gastric emptying study

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11
Q

Which statement is correct regarding anesthesia of patients with renal dysfunction

o The prevention of intraoperative hypertonia is the primary goal
o Alpha-2 agonist decrease renal function
o Ketamine is contraindicated in dogs with kidney dysfunction
o Fentanyl and NSAID ́s are recommended for intraoperative analgesia (not)

A

o Alpha-2 agonist decrease renal function

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12
Q

Which statement is correct regarding the GGE (guaiphenesine)

o It has good analgesic effect
o It is available for induction alone
o It doesn’t cause ataxia
o It is a muscle relaxant

A

o It is a muscle relaxant

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13
Q

Optional drug for preoperative analgesia are

o Phenotiazines and butyrophenone-derivates
o Alpha2-antagonist and NMDA-agonist
o Local anesthetics and muscle relaxant
o Alpha2-agonists and NMDA-antagonist

A

o Alpha2-agonists and NMDA-antagonist

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14
Q

General infusion rate in perioperative period in dogs and cats

o 1ml/kg/h e.g. 17-20 drops/kg/h
o 10ml/kg/h e.g. 1700-2000 drops/10kg/h
o 10ml/kg/h e.g 170-200 drops/10kg/h
o 10ml/kg/h e.g 170-200 drops/kg/min

A

o 10ml/kg/h e.g 170-200 drops/10kg/h

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15
Q

What do we use the grid for in radiography

o To filter scattered beam
o To improve image sharpness
o To reduce radiation exposure of the staff
o To restrain the animal

A

o To filter scattered beam

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16
Q

Which statement is correct

o Compressive spinal injury needs emergency treatment
o Spinal cord injury has no effect for visceral functions
o The treatment of patients with spinal cord injury is hopeless
o Corticosteroid and NSAID treatment is recommended in case of acute spinal injury

A

o Corticosteroid and NSAID treatment is recommended in case of acute spinal injury

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17
Q

Which statement is correct

o The overexposed area is dark in the digital x-ray image
o The overexposed area is “noisy” in the digital x-ray image
o It is easy to overexpose digital radiographs
o Overexposure looks the same on both digital and analogous radiographs

A

o Overexposure looks the same on both digital and analogous radiographs

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18
Q

Which statement is not correct

o The commotion causes irreversible damage in the brain
o Haematoma can be the consequence of a contusion
o The urinary bladder injury can cause bloody urine
o In case of severe pneumothorax, emergency thoracocentesis is necessary

A

o The commotion causes irreversible damage in the brain

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19
Q

Which of the following can happen if alpha-2 agonist is injected intraarterially

o Collapse
o Oxytocin-like effect
o Awakening
o Ileus

A

o Collapse?

20
Q

Which statement is correct concerning pulse oxymetry

o The status of the peripheral circulation has no effect on pulse oxymetry values
o Low environmental temperature has no effect on pulse oxymetry values
o Bilirubinaemia has no effect on pulse oxymetry values
o Hypertension has no effect on pulse oxymetry values (hypotension has)

A

o Hypertension has no effect on pulse oxymetry values (hypotension has)

21
Q

Reversible drugs and their antagonists

A

o Diazepam:flumazenil; fentanyl:naloxone; medetomidine:atipamezole

22
Q

Which statement is correct concerning preanesthetic assessment

o Sedation is always recommended, regardless of the general condition of the patient, in order to reduce further anesthetic doses
o Following the physical examination of the respiratory, circulatory, renal and hepatic function, complementary diagnostic measures are taken
o Recommended “minimum” laboratory parameters are WBC, PCV, TPP, Crea, Urea, ALT and AST
o The enhanced preanesthetic blood test protocol includes complete hematology panel, coagulation tests, blood gas analysis, electrolyte balance, blood glucose and urinalysis

A

o Recommended “minimum” laboratory parameters are WBC, PCV, TPP, Crea, Urea, ALT and AST

23
Q

Which solution of the most alkalizing effect in the treatment of metabolic acidosis

o NaCl solution
o NaHCO3 solution
o Lactated Ringer ́s
o Acetated Ringer ́s

A

o NaHCO3 solution

24
Q

Which statement is correct concerning capnometry

o The end tidal CO2 (EtCO2) equals to the arterial partial CO2 pressure (PaCO2)
o PaCO2 is less than EtCO2
o The physical principle of measurement is HPLC (measurement of absorption)
o It is the analysis of the CO2 concentration of the inhaled and exhaled gas mixture

A

?

25
Q

Which is correct regarding inhalant anaesthetics ?

o they are flammable and explosive agents
o most inhalant anesthetics are liquid at room temp
o in low doses , they are no threat to the health of the surgical personnel in the long run (occupational risk)
o as isoflurane is highly irritative as inhalation , halothane is preferred for mask induction

A

o most inhalant anesthetics are liquid at room temp

26
Q

Which is NOT correct regarding balance anaesthesia

o recovery is better than at the inhalational anesthesia
o mortality rate is reduced than at inhalational anesthesia
o MAC is lower than at inhalational anesthesia
o drug accumulation should be considered in case of a longer surgery

A

o drug accumulation should be considered in case of a longer surgery

27
Q

Which procedure is a definite indication for preoperative administration of an antibiotic

o Splenectomy
o Small intestine biopsy
o Ovariectomy
o Removal of previously implanted, infected and fistulating ligament replacement material

A

o Removal of previously implanted, infected and fistulating ligament replacement material

28
Q

Where is/are the scrotal incision(s) made for castration ?

o along the line of raphe scroti
o parallel with raphe scroti -1cm from the midline, 1 incision
o parallel with raphe scroti-1 cm from the midline, 2 incisions
o parallel with raphe scroti- 5cm from the midline ,2 incisions

A

o parallel with raphe scroti-1 cm from the midline, 2 incisions

29
Q

Which statement is correct

o The overexposed area is dark in the digital x-ray image
o The overexposed area is “noisy” in the digital x-ray image
o It is easy to overexpose digital radiographs
o Overexposure looks the same on both digital and analogue radiographs

A

o The overexposed area is dark in the digital x-ray image?

30
Q

Which statement is correct regarding anesthesia of patients with liver dysfunction

o	Diazepam is the choice of drug in a patient with hepatic disease, instead of midazolam 
o	Phencyclidines (e.g. ketamine) may induce a bout of hepatic encephalopathy 
o	Isoflurane and sevoflurane significantly affects hepatic function 
o	Administration of colloid solutions in case of hypoalbuminemia is risky
A

?

31
Q

Which statement is correct regarding intra-and postoperative hypothermia?

o Decreased anesthetic demand
o Doxopram is the drug of choice in case of hypothermia
o Is mostly due to the use of opioids
o Increases the oxygen demand of the central nervous system

A

o Decreased anesthetic demand

32
Q

Which statement is correct concerning the maintenance phase of anesthesia?

o General anesthesia may be maintained by either inhalant or injectable agents; combinations for maintenance are contraindicated
o In the maintenance phase of anesthesia, application of 100 ml/bwkg/h crystalloid infusion is recommended to maintain normovolemia and normotension
o The goal is to maintain the “surgical tolerance” depth of anesthesia using the lowest sufficient dose of anesthetics
o The main duties of the anesthetist are monitoring of the patient, maintenance of homeostasis, fine adjustment of the depth of anesthesia and preservation of vagotonia

A

o The goal is to maintain the “surgical tolerance” depth of anesthesia using the lowest sufficient dose of anesthetics

33
Q

Current concepts of pain management/analgesia is

o	Presumptive (prophylactic) and multimodal (acting at several different sites of action) 
o	Preemptive (prophylactic) and multimodal (acting at several different sites of action) 
o	Preemptive (prophylactic) and multilocal (acting at several different sites of action) 
o	Of higher importance in adults than in pediatric patients
A

o Preemptive (prophylactic) and multimodal (acting at several different sites of action)

34
Q

Which statement is correct concerning pain

o During hypnosis there is no conscious perception of pain, therefore analgesia is only required pre-, and postoperatively
o Stress and fear have no effect on subjective pain sensation
o Of several concurrent noxious stimuli, the most intensive one is perceived
o There is no linear correlation between the physical extent of damage, and the intensity of pain experience by the patient

A

o There is no linear correlation between the physical extent of damage, and the intensity of pain experience by the patient

35
Q

Which sign of the following reflects the most severe acute respiratory distress (pO2 is less than 60mmHg)

o Dyspnoe
o Cyanosis
o Hyperventilation
o Labial breathing

A

o Cyanosis

36
Q

Which statement is correct regarding physiology of the pediatric patient

A

o The vegetative innervation of the heart and the vasomotor function is immature

37
Q

Which one is opioid antagonist

A

o Naloxon

38
Q

Which statement is correct

o Glucocorticoids specifically inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme
o Non-steroids (NSAID ́s) inhibit the production of leukotrienes
o NSAID ́s inhibit phospholipase A2 (false)
o Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of inflammatory prostaglandins

A

o Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of inflammatory prostaglandins

39
Q

Which statement is correct concerning endotracheal tube?

A

o Not only aspiration may be prevented by using endotracheal tubes, but it also allows for connection to the anesthesia machine by the Y-piece and mechanical ventilation

40
Q

Which of the following does not represent an increased risk of infection of surgical infection

o Antimicrobial prophylaxis for a previous surgical procedure
o Prolonged hospitalization
o Obesity
o Prolonged procedure time

A

o Antimicrobial prophylaxis for a previous surgical procedure

41
Q

Which statement is correct

o Mepivicain is less irritant than lidocaine
o Bupivacain har longer duration than mepivacaine
o Bupivacain has approx. 4 hours of duration
o All of them are correct

A

o All of them are correct

42
Q

Which statement is correct

o The direct effect of the bullet is the traumatic shock
o Injuries caused by gun shots regenerate if the bullet only hits the muscle
o Both
o None?

A

o Injuries caused by gun shots regenerate if the bullet only hits the muscle

43
Q

Which statement is correct regarding electricity caused injuries

o It is always lethal above 50 mA
o It is always lethal above 100 mA
o Both
o None

A

o It is always lethal above 100 mA

44
Q

Which statement is correct regarding anesthesia of patients with liver dysfunction

o	Diazepam is the choice of drug in a patient with hepatic disease, instead of midazolam 
o	Phencyclidines (e.g. ketamine) may induce a bout of hepatic encephalopathy 
o	Isoflurane and sevoflurane significantly affects hepatic function 
o	Administration of colloid solutions in case of hypoalbuminemia is risky
A

o Phencyclidines (e.g. ketamine) may induce a bout of hepatic encephalopathy

45
Q

Which statement is correct

o Wobbler-syndrome affects small breeds
o The site of disc protrusion can be exactly determined in the survey radiograph
o The basic types of compressive processes found with myelography: extradural, intradural, extramedullary
o Positioning of cervical spine generally needs sedation or anesthesia

A

o Positioning of cervical spine generally needs sedation or anesthesia

46
Q

Which therapy has of primary importance in case of cranial injury

o Analgesia
o Anti-convulsion therapy
o Intracranial pressure decrease
o Artificial hypothermia

A

o Intracranial pressure decrease

SAM final (19 decks)

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