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SAM final > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

3 most common causes of polyuria/polydipsia in cats?

o chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis
o hyperthyreosis, diabetes mellitus, bacterial cystitis
o bacterial cystitis, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyreosis
o chronic kidney disease, bacterial cystitis, diabetes mellitus

A

chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis

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2
Q

3 most common causes of polyuria/polydipsia in dogs

o pyometra, bacterial cystitis, diabetes mellitus
o chronic kidney disease, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus
o Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, pyometra
o bacterial cystitis, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus

A

o chronic kidney disease, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

What is the target blood glucose level in the diabetic patient at maximum effect of insulin?

o 3-6 mmol/l
o 3-6 umol/l
o 4-9 umol/l
o 4-9 mmol/l

A

4-9 mmol/l

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4
Q

Causes of insulin resistance:

o progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism
o hypocalcemia, glucocorticoids, acromegaly
o cushing’s syndrome, enalapril, progestagens
o acromegaly, xilitol, cushing’s syndrome
o MPA, DOCP, GH

A

progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism

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5
Q

What may cause hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?

o	Progestagen treatment 
o	Concurrent diabetes insipidus
o	Castration of male dog/cat
o	Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days 
o	Stress 
o	Glucocorticoid therapy
A

o Progestagen treatment

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6
Q

What may cause hypoglycaemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?

o Progestogen treatment
o Concurrent diabetes insipidus
o Castration of male dog/cat
o Anorexia, vomiting

A

o Progestogen treatment

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7
Q

What may cause hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?

o	liver failure
o	concurrent addison’s disease
o	insulin resistance 
o	Xylitol-toxicosis
o	neutering bitch after 2-5 days
A

o insulin resistance

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8
Q

• Which statement is true? In monogastric animals the energy content of dietary….

o proteins is utilized most efficiently
o carbohydrates is utilized most efficiently
o fibers is utilized most efficiently
o fats is utilized most efficiently

A

fats is utilized most efficiently

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9
Q

Breed NOT predisposed for obesity?

o Labrador retriever
o Borzoi
o Dachshund
o Beagle

A

o Borzoi

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10
Q

Which is NOT a possible consequence of obesity?

o Hypertension (dog)
o Type-2 diabetes mellitus (cat)
o Hypokalemi
o Hyperlipidemia

A

o Hypokalemi

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11
Q

Treatment of obesity - which of the below statements is true?

o Commercial BW reduction diets are not recommended in cats, because they increase the risk of hepatic lipidosis
o Commercial BW reduction diets are useful because with reduced energy intake, the feeling of satiety is easily achievable
o Commercial BW reduction diets are useful, because without, BW reduction is not achievable
o Commercial BW reduction diets are not recommended, because they do not increase sufficiently the daily energy expenditure

A

o Commercial BW reduction diets are useful because with reduced energy intake, the feeling of satiety is easily achievable

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12
Q

Pathophysiology of obesity - which of the below statements is true?

o Hyperplastic obesity occurs mainly in growing animals
o Prognosis is good in hyperplastic obesity, because the stationary phase quickly replaces the dynamic phase
o Prognosis is careful in hypertrophic obesity, because the dynamic phase quickly replaces the stationary phase
o In hypertrophic obesity the size and the number of adipocytes increases

A

o Hyperplastic obesity occurs mainly in growing animals

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13
Q

“Fat-dervied peptides”/Effects of cytokines and hormones produced by adipocytes?

o Mild chronic inflammation, decrease in insulin resistance
o Increase in appetite, decrease in insulin resistency
o Mild chronic inflammation, long-lasting oxidative stress
o Mild acute inflammation, increase in blood pressure, increase in appetite

A

o Mild chronic inflammation, long-lasting oxidative stress

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14
Q

What is ‘endotoxin’?

o Lipoprotein molecule produced by Gr+ bacteria
o Lipoprotein molecule produced by Gr- bacteria
o Lipopolysaccharide molecule in the cell wall of Gr+ bacteria
o Lipopolysaccharide molecule in the cell wall of Gr- bacteria

A

o Lipopolysaccharide molecule in the cell wall of Gr- bacteria

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15
Q

Which endocrine disease is characterized by the following plantigrad movement?

o Addison disease
o Hyperthyroidism
o Diabetes insipidus
o Diabetes mellitus

A

o Diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

Diabetes insipidus, which is correct:

o Clinical manifestation PD/PU, hypersthenuria
o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
o The ADH production of the kidney is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
o Diagnosis; modified water deprivation test, ADH- stimulation test

A

o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin

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17
Q

In which endocrine disorder there is NO polydipsia/polyuria?

o	Diabetes mellitus
o	Diabetes insipidus
o	Hypothyroidism
o	Cushing's syndrome
o	Hyperthyroidism
A

o Hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Hypothyroidism of dogs: diagnosis

o Thyroxine↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↑, TGAA -, TRH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA , TSH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA, ACTH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↑ and TSH ↓, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA, ACTH-stimulation test

A

o Thyroxine ↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA , TSH-stimulation test

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19
Q

Hypothyroidism of dogs: symptoms

o activity ↓, obesity, PD/PU, alopecia, tachycardia, fertility↓
o activity ↑, obesity, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia, PP
o activity ↓, obesity, alopecia, thin skin, bradycardia, fertility↓
o activity ↓, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia fertility ↓

A

o activity ↓, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia fertility ↓

20
Q

Which statement is correct?

o hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
o hypothyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
o hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenocarcinoma is common in cats
o hypothyroidism caused by thyroid adenocarcinoma is common in cats

A

o hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats

21
Q

Hyperthyroidism of cats: therapeutic options

o thyoridectomy, radiotherapy, methimazole, iodine diet
o parathyroidetomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
o thyroidectomy, 99TC IV, methimazole, low sodium diet
o parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, fenbendazole, low iodine diet

A

o thyoridectomy, radiotherapy, methimazole, iodine diet

22
Q

Hyperthyroidism of Cats

o Consequence of thyroiditis, goiter, dyspnoe, dilated cardiomyopathy
o Consequence of thyroid gland tumor, goiter, myxedema, anorexia/cachexia
o Consequence of thyroiditis, aggressivity, panting, sudden blindness due to hypotension
o Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight loss, myocardial hypertrophy

A

o Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight loss, myocardial hypertrophy

23
Q

What condition does this dog have?

o Hypothyroidism (alopecia)
o Hyperthyroidism
o Cushing’s syndrome
o Diabetes mellitus

A

o Hypothyroidism (alopecia)

24
Q

Which statement is correct regarding anesthesiologic considerations of hypothyreoidism

o Due to thermoregulatory imbalance hyperthermia occurs
o The overall metabolic rate is decreased, drug metabolism is slower, therefore the “vulnerability” of the patient to anesthesia is lower
o Myocardial contractibility is decreased, tachycardia is present
o Obesity results in a limited range of motion of the diaphragm

A

o Obesity results in a limited range of motion of the diaphragm

25
Q

Clinical features of congenital hyposomatotropism:

o Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, liver failure, alopecia
o German shepherd, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia
o Great Dane, enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
o Beagle, IGF-1↓, disproportionate dwarfism

A

o German shepherd, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia

26
Q

This picture is characteristic for (pomeranian med lite pels på ryggen)

o	demodicosis 
o	hyperthyroidism 
o	alopecia-X
o	cushing’s disease 
o	color dilution alopecia
A

o alopecia-X

27
Q

Which statement is false?
Following neutering…

o the Basic Metabolic Rate is reduced.
o the appetite may increase.
o …the physical activity may decrease
o …the production of the anabolic hormone, melatonin is increased.

A

o …the production of the anabolic hormone, melatonin is increased.

28
Q

In which endocrine disorder there is no polydipsia/polyuria?

o	Diabetes mellitus 
o	Diabetes insipidus
o	Alopecia-X 
o	Cushing's syndrome 
o	Hyperthyroidism
A

o Alopecia-X

29
Q

Acromegaly: cause

o Dog: pituitary tumor, cat: estrogen treatment, mammary gland tumor, ovarian cyst
o Aquired GH deficiency in adults
o Congenital GH excess
o Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor

A

o Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor

30
Q

Acromegaly, causes?

o Dog: pituitary tumour, Cat: oestrogen treatment, mammary gland tumour, ovarian cyst
o Acquired GH deficiency in adults
o Congenital GH excess
o Dog: progestogen treatment, mammary gland tumour, ovarian cyst, Cat: pituitary tumour

A

Dog: progestogen treatment, mammary gland tumour, ovarian cyst, Cat: pituitary tumour

31
Q

Acromegaly treatment?

o Ovariehysterectomy

A

Ovariehysterectomy

32
Q

Which of the followings is the “classic” indication of adrenalectomy?

o unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused periferial Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused central Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused periferial Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused central Cushing’s disease

A

o unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused periferial Cushing’s disease

33
Q

Diabetes insipidus: Which is correct?

o Clinical manifestations: PD/PU, hypersthenuria
o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
o The ADH production of the kidneys is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
o Diagnosis: modified water deprivation test, ADH-stimulation test

A

o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin

34
Q

Which statement is TRUE regarding diabetes insipidus?

o partial or complete ADH deficiency
o failure of the renal tubules to react ADH (begge er riktig? ene er central andre er Nephrogenic)
o very common disorder
o in case of water deprivation these patients are able to concentrate there urine

A

o partial or complete ADH deficiency

35
Q

Breed predisposed for Addison’s disease

o	French bulldog 
o	Irish setter 
o	Poodle 
o	Dachshund 
o	Beagle
A

o Poodle

36
Q

Addison’s disease in Dogs: causes, pathogenesis

o The primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals
o Primary: cortisol↑, aldosterone↓ Secondary: cortisol↓, aldosterone ←→
o The primary disease is due to incorrect glucocorticoid therapy
o Primary: cortisol↓, aldosterone↓ Secondary: cortisol ←→ ,aldosterone↓

A

o The primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals

37
Q

Addison’s disease in dogs/causes, pathogenesis:

o The primary is due to auto-immune inflammation of the adrenals. The secondary disease is caused by incorrect glucocorticoids therapy
o Primary: Cortisol ↑ Aldosterone ↓ Secondary: Cortisol ↓ Aldosterone same
o The primary disease is due to incorrect glucocorticoid therapy. The secondary disease is caused by auto-immune inflammation of the adrenals
o Primary: Cortisol ↓ Aldosterone ↓ Secondary: Cortisol same Aldosterone ↓

A

o The primary is due to auto-immune inflammation of the adrenals. The secondary disease is caused by incorrect glucocorticoids therapy

38
Q

Addison’s disease in Dogs: diagnosis

o Na /K >27, CI- ↓, ACTH-stimulation test
o Na /K <27, CI- ↓, ACTH-stimulation test
o Na /K <27, C- ↓, LDDST
o Na /K <27, CI- ↑, LDDST

A

o Na /K <27, CI- ↓, ACTH-stimulation test

39
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism:

o Primary cortisol decreased, aldosterone decreased
o Primary cortisol increased, aldosterone decreased
o Primary cortisol decreased, aldosterone increased
o Primary cortisol increased, aldosterone increased

A

o Primary cortisol decreased, aldosterone decreased

40
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: clinical manifestations

o dehydration, K inc, Ca dec, weakness, tremor, shock
o dehydration, Na inc, K dec, abdominal pain, PD/PU
o dehydration, K inc, Cl- dec, shock, bradycardia
o vomiting/diarrhea, K dec, Ca dec, shock, tetant

A

o dehydration, K inc, Cl- dec, shock, bradycardia

41
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism of Dogs: therapy

o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone Later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.09% saline, DOCP, hydrocortisone Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone Later: DOCD, prednisolone
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, fludrocortisone Later: hydrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt

A

o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone Later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt

42
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: therapy?

o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.09% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: progesterone, prednisolone
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, fludrocortisone, Later: hydrocortisone, prednisolone, salt

A

o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt

43
Q

Which breed predisposed for Cushing’s syndrome?

o	greyhound 
o	cocker spaniel 
o	english bulldog 
o	karelian beardog 
o	dachshund
A

o dachshund

44
Q

What is the pathognomonic symptom of Cushing’s syndrome?

o	Collarette
o	hyperhidrosis
o	angioedema
o	keratin plugs
o	calcinosis cutis
A

o calcinosis cutis

45
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome in dogs: diagnosis?

o Confirmation: HDDST, ACTHST, Differentiation of forms: abdominal US, LDDST, ACT
o Confirmation: LDDST, ACTH ST, Differentiation of forms: abdominal US, HDDST, ACTH
o Confirmation: LDDST, ACTH ST, Differentiation of forms: X-ray, HDDST, ACTH
o Confirmation: abdominal US, HDDST, Differentiation of forms: LDDST, ACTHST

A

o Confirmation: LDDST, ACTH ST, Differentiation of forms: abdominal US, HDDST, ACTH

46
Q

• This picture is characteristic for (white dog, poor skin condition)

o	Neoplasma abdominis
o	Protein losing enteropathy
o	Alopecia-X 
o	Hypercortisolism
o	Right-side heart failure
A

o Hypercortisolism

SAM final (19 decks)

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