Endocrine Flashcards
3 most common causes of polyuria/polydipsia in cats?
o chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis
o hyperthyreosis, diabetes mellitus, bacterial cystitis
o bacterial cystitis, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyreosis
o chronic kidney disease, bacterial cystitis, diabetes mellitus
chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis
3 most common causes of polyuria/polydipsia in dogs
o pyometra, bacterial cystitis, diabetes mellitus
o chronic kidney disease, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus
o Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, pyometra
o bacterial cystitis, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus
o chronic kidney disease, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus
What is the target blood glucose level in the diabetic patient at maximum effect of insulin?
o 3-6 mmol/l
o 3-6 umol/l
o 4-9 umol/l
o 4-9 mmol/l
4-9 mmol/l
Causes of insulin resistance:
o progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism
o hypocalcemia, glucocorticoids, acromegaly
o cushing’s syndrome, enalapril, progestagens
o acromegaly, xilitol, cushing’s syndrome
o MPA, DOCP, GH
progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism
What may cause hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?
o Progestagen treatment o Concurrent diabetes insipidus o Castration of male dog/cat o Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days o Stress o Glucocorticoid therapy
o Progestagen treatment
What may cause hypoglycaemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?
o Progestogen treatment
o Concurrent diabetes insipidus
o Castration of male dog/cat
o Anorexia, vomiting
o Progestogen treatment
What may cause hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?
o liver failure o concurrent addison’s disease o insulin resistance o Xylitol-toxicosis o neutering bitch after 2-5 days
o insulin resistance
• Which statement is true? In monogastric animals the energy content of dietary….
o proteins is utilized most efficiently
o carbohydrates is utilized most efficiently
o fibers is utilized most efficiently
o fats is utilized most efficiently
fats is utilized most efficiently
Breed NOT predisposed for obesity?
o Labrador retriever
o Borzoi
o Dachshund
o Beagle
o Borzoi
Which is NOT a possible consequence of obesity?
o Hypertension (dog)
o Type-2 diabetes mellitus (cat)
o Hypokalemi
o Hyperlipidemia
o Hypokalemi
Treatment of obesity - which of the below statements is true?
o Commercial BW reduction diets are not recommended in cats, because they increase the risk of hepatic lipidosis
o Commercial BW reduction diets are useful because with reduced energy intake, the feeling of satiety is easily achievable
o Commercial BW reduction diets are useful, because without, BW reduction is not achievable
o Commercial BW reduction diets are not recommended, because they do not increase sufficiently the daily energy expenditure
o Commercial BW reduction diets are useful because with reduced energy intake, the feeling of satiety is easily achievable
Pathophysiology of obesity - which of the below statements is true?
o Hyperplastic obesity occurs mainly in growing animals
o Prognosis is good in hyperplastic obesity, because the stationary phase quickly replaces the dynamic phase
o Prognosis is careful in hypertrophic obesity, because the dynamic phase quickly replaces the stationary phase
o In hypertrophic obesity the size and the number of adipocytes increases
o Hyperplastic obesity occurs mainly in growing animals
“Fat-dervied peptides”/Effects of cytokines and hormones produced by adipocytes?
o Mild chronic inflammation, decrease in insulin resistance
o Increase in appetite, decrease in insulin resistency
o Mild chronic inflammation, long-lasting oxidative stress
o Mild acute inflammation, increase in blood pressure, increase in appetite
o Mild chronic inflammation, long-lasting oxidative stress
What is ‘endotoxin’?
o Lipoprotein molecule produced by Gr+ bacteria
o Lipoprotein molecule produced by Gr- bacteria
o Lipopolysaccharide molecule in the cell wall of Gr+ bacteria
o Lipopolysaccharide molecule in the cell wall of Gr- bacteria
o Lipopolysaccharide molecule in the cell wall of Gr- bacteria
Which endocrine disease is characterized by the following plantigrad movement?
o Addison disease
o Hyperthyroidism
o Diabetes insipidus
o Diabetes mellitus
o Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus, which is correct:
o Clinical manifestation PD/PU, hypersthenuria
o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
o The ADH production of the kidney is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
o Diagnosis; modified water deprivation test, ADH- stimulation test
o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
In which endocrine disorder there is NO polydipsia/polyuria?
o Diabetes mellitus o Diabetes insipidus o Hypothyroidism o Cushing's syndrome o Hyperthyroidism
o Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism of dogs: diagnosis
o Thyroxine↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↑, TGAA -, TRH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA , TSH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA, ACTH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↑ and TSH ↓, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA, ACTH-stimulation test
o Thyroxine ↓ and TSH ↑, free thyroxine ↓, TGAA , TSH-stimulation test
Hypothyroidism of dogs: symptoms
o activity ↓, obesity, PD/PU, alopecia, tachycardia, fertility↓
o activity ↑, obesity, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia, PP
o activity ↓, obesity, alopecia, thin skin, bradycardia, fertility↓
o activity ↓, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia fertility ↓
o activity ↓, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia fertility ↓
Which statement is correct?
o hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
o hypothyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
o hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenocarcinoma is common in cats
o hypothyroidism caused by thyroid adenocarcinoma is common in cats
o hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
Hyperthyroidism of cats: therapeutic options
o thyoridectomy, radiotherapy, methimazole, iodine diet
o parathyroidetomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
o thyroidectomy, 99TC IV, methimazole, low sodium diet
o parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, fenbendazole, low iodine diet
o thyoridectomy, radiotherapy, methimazole, iodine diet
Hyperthyroidism of Cats
o Consequence of thyroiditis, goiter, dyspnoe, dilated cardiomyopathy
o Consequence of thyroid gland tumor, goiter, myxedema, anorexia/cachexia
o Consequence of thyroiditis, aggressivity, panting, sudden blindness due to hypotension
o Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight loss, myocardial hypertrophy
o Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight loss, myocardial hypertrophy
What condition does this dog have?
o Hypothyroidism (alopecia)
o Hyperthyroidism
o Cushing’s syndrome
o Diabetes mellitus
o Hypothyroidism (alopecia)
Which statement is correct regarding anesthesiologic considerations of hypothyreoidism
o Due to thermoregulatory imbalance hyperthermia occurs
o The overall metabolic rate is decreased, drug metabolism is slower, therefore the “vulnerability” of the patient to anesthesia is lower
o Myocardial contractibility is decreased, tachycardia is present
o Obesity results in a limited range of motion of the diaphragm
o Obesity results in a limited range of motion of the diaphragm
Clinical features of congenital hyposomatotropism:
o Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, liver failure, alopecia
o German shepherd, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia
o Great Dane, enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
o Beagle, IGF-1↓, disproportionate dwarfism
o German shepherd, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia
This picture is characteristic for (pomeranian med lite pels på ryggen)
o demodicosis o hyperthyroidism o alopecia-X o cushing’s disease o color dilution alopecia
o alopecia-X
Which statement is false?
Following neutering…
o the Basic Metabolic Rate is reduced.
o the appetite may increase.
o …the physical activity may decrease
o …the production of the anabolic hormone, melatonin is increased.
o …the production of the anabolic hormone, melatonin is increased.
In which endocrine disorder there is no polydipsia/polyuria?
o Diabetes mellitus o Diabetes insipidus o Alopecia-X o Cushing's syndrome o Hyperthyroidism
o Alopecia-X
Acromegaly: cause
o Dog: pituitary tumor, cat: estrogen treatment, mammary gland tumor, ovarian cyst
o Aquired GH deficiency in adults
o Congenital GH excess
o Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor
o Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor
Acromegaly, causes?
o Dog: pituitary tumour, Cat: oestrogen treatment, mammary gland tumour, ovarian cyst
o Acquired GH deficiency in adults
o Congenital GH excess
o Dog: progestogen treatment, mammary gland tumour, ovarian cyst, Cat: pituitary tumour
Dog: progestogen treatment, mammary gland tumour, ovarian cyst, Cat: pituitary tumour
Acromegaly treatment?
o Ovariehysterectomy
Ovariehysterectomy
Which of the followings is the “classic” indication of adrenalectomy?
o unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused periferial Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused central Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused periferial Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused central Cushing’s disease
o unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused periferial Cushing’s disease
Diabetes insipidus: Which is correct?
o Clinical manifestations: PD/PU, hypersthenuria
o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
o The ADH production of the kidneys is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
o Diagnosis: modified water deprivation test, ADH-stimulation test
o The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
Which statement is TRUE regarding diabetes insipidus?
o partial or complete ADH deficiency
o failure of the renal tubules to react ADH (begge er riktig? ene er central andre er Nephrogenic)
o very common disorder
o in case of water deprivation these patients are able to concentrate there urine
o partial or complete ADH deficiency
Breed predisposed for Addison’s disease
o French bulldog o Irish setter o Poodle o Dachshund o Beagle
o Poodle
Addison’s disease in Dogs: causes, pathogenesis
o The primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals
o Primary: cortisol↑, aldosterone↓ Secondary: cortisol↓, aldosterone ←→
o The primary disease is due to incorrect glucocorticoid therapy
o Primary: cortisol↓, aldosterone↓ Secondary: cortisol ←→ ,aldosterone↓
o The primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals
Addison’s disease in dogs/causes, pathogenesis:
o The primary is due to auto-immune inflammation of the adrenals. The secondary disease is caused by incorrect glucocorticoids therapy
o Primary: Cortisol ↑ Aldosterone ↓ Secondary: Cortisol ↓ Aldosterone same
o The primary disease is due to incorrect glucocorticoid therapy. The secondary disease is caused by auto-immune inflammation of the adrenals
o Primary: Cortisol ↓ Aldosterone ↓ Secondary: Cortisol same Aldosterone ↓
o The primary is due to auto-immune inflammation of the adrenals. The secondary disease is caused by incorrect glucocorticoids therapy
Addison’s disease in Dogs: diagnosis
o Na /K >27, CI- ↓, ACTH-stimulation test
o Na /K <27, CI- ↓, ACTH-stimulation test
o Na /K <27, C- ↓, LDDST
o Na /K <27, CI- ↑, LDDST
o Na /K <27, CI- ↓, ACTH-stimulation test
Hypoadrenocorticism:
o Primary cortisol decreased, aldosterone decreased
o Primary cortisol increased, aldosterone decreased
o Primary cortisol decreased, aldosterone increased
o Primary cortisol increased, aldosterone increased
o Primary cortisol decreased, aldosterone decreased
Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: clinical manifestations
o dehydration, K inc, Ca dec, weakness, tremor, shock
o dehydration, Na inc, K dec, abdominal pain, PD/PU
o dehydration, K inc, Cl- dec, shock, bradycardia
o vomiting/diarrhea, K dec, Ca dec, shock, tetant
o dehydration, K inc, Cl- dec, shock, bradycardia
Hypoadrenocorticism of Dogs: therapy
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone Later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.09% saline, DOCP, hydrocortisone Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone Later: DOCD, prednisolone
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, fludrocortisone Later: hydrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone Later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: therapy?
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.09% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: progesterone, prednisolone
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, fludrocortisone, Later: hydrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
o Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, Later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
Which breed predisposed for Cushing’s syndrome?
o greyhound o cocker spaniel o english bulldog o karelian beardog o dachshund
o dachshund
What is the pathognomonic symptom of Cushing’s syndrome?
o Collarette o hyperhidrosis o angioedema o keratin plugs o calcinosis cutis
o calcinosis cutis
Cushing’s Syndrome in dogs: diagnosis?
o Confirmation: HDDST, ACTHST, Differentiation of forms: abdominal US, LDDST, ACT
o Confirmation: LDDST, ACTH ST, Differentiation of forms: abdominal US, HDDST, ACTH
o Confirmation: LDDST, ACTH ST, Differentiation of forms: X-ray, HDDST, ACTH
o Confirmation: abdominal US, HDDST, Differentiation of forms: LDDST, ACTHST
o Confirmation: LDDST, ACTH ST, Differentiation of forms: abdominal US, HDDST, ACTH
• This picture is characteristic for (white dog, poor skin condition)
o Neoplasma abdominis o Protein losing enteropathy o Alopecia-X o Hypercortisolism o Right-side heart failure
o Hypercortisolism
