Gastrointestinal Flashcards by Frida Bostrøm

• What is the number of permanent teeth in dogs

o 42

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• What is the number of permanent teeth in cats

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• What is Spongostan

Gelatin sponge

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• What does “epulis” mean

o Benign fibromatous mass on the gingiva

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Which statement is correct regarding dentine in dog

o It is capable of repair in living tooth
o Dentine layer is thickening towards enamel during production
o It comprises more than 98% inorganic elements
o It is continuously narrowing during aging

o It is capable of repair in living tooth

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Which statement is correct in dental nomenclature

o Mesial surface faces to the previous tooth in the dental arch
o Mesial surface faces to the next tooth in the dental arch
o Distal surface faces to the apex
o Distal surface faces to the crown

Mesial surface faces to the previous (!) tooth in the dental arch

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Severe FORL (Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions)/treatment/cat?

o Chemotherapy
o Tooth extraction or crown amputation
o Topical chlorhexidine
o Vitamin A orally for 6 weeks

o Tooth extraction or crown amputation

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Recommended medicated/treatment weight in FORL? (Depends on the stage)

o Chemotherapy
o Vitamin 8 weeks
o Chlorhexidine
o Complete denture removal or crown amputation

o Complete denture removal or crown amputation

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What kind of gum disease can be seen on this picture? (oral cavity of dog)

o Periodontitis
o FORL (feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions)
o Squamous cell carcinoma
o Epulis

Epulis

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Cyanotic mucous membranes?

Gastric dilation and volvulus (G.D.V), shock

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Cyanotic mucous membranes

o Shock signs

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•	Gingivostomatitis in cats. Possible aetiology. 
o	Mycoplasma haemofelis 
o	Brachyspira hyosdisenterica 
o	FIP
o	FIV
o	Isospora felis

FIV

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Feline viral leukaemia/aetiology?

o Pathogen: Lentivirus, Oncoviridae family (FeLV), infection by inhalation in indoor cats together
o Pathogen: oncovirus (FIV), infection via faeces, in old male cats
o Pathogen: retrovirus, Oncornavirinae family (FeLV), infection: via saliva, via nasal secretions, in outdoor cats
o Pathogen: retrovirus, Caliciviridae family (FeLV), infection: via urine, faeces

o Pathogen: retrovirus, Oncornavirinae family (FeLV), infection: via saliva, via nasal secretions, in outdoor cats

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What are the typical clinical symptoms of gastric disease?

o Vomitus, hematemesis, anorexia

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Can give antibiotics in case of diarrhoea:

o only in case of sepsis
o always have to
o in case of risk of sepsis
o only in case of bacterial enteritis

o in case of risk of sepsis

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Additional test recommendation for mild acute small intestinal diarrhea:

o Trichomonas PCR test
o gastroduodenoscopy and intestinal biopsy
o measure of cobalamin concentration
o parasitological examination of feces

o parasitological examination of feces

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Which statement is true for gastric disease?

o Stomach ulcer predisposing factors include age of NSAIDS, metabolic disorders and glucocorticoids.

Which statement is true

o Gastroscopy is performed on the patient right side
o Excessive bloating in the stomach may interfere with gastroscopic examination of the antrum and pyloris
o Oesophageal motility disorders can be easily diagnosed by esophageal refletion/mirroring
o Melena and haematemesis are not among the indications for duodenoscopy

o Excessive bloating in the stomach may interfere with gastroscopic examination of the antrum and pyloris

Feline viral leukemia/Etiology

o Pathogen: Lentivirus, Oncoviridae family (FeLV), infection by inhalation in indoor cats, living together
o Pathogen: oncovirus (FIV), infection via feces, in old male cats
o Pathogen: retrovirus, Oncornavirinae family (FeLV), infection: via saliva; via nasal secretions, in outdoor cats
o Pathogen: retrovirus, Caliciviridae family (FeLV), infection: via urine, feces

o Pathogen: retrovirus, Oncornavirinae family (FeLV), infection: via saliva; via nasal secretions, in outdoor cats

What is the most common type of leukaemia in dogs?

o Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
o Chronic small lymphocytic leukaemia
o Acute myelogenous leukaemia
o Chronic myelogenous leukaemia

o Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

These pictures are characteristic for?

o	Parvoviral enteritis
o	Obstipation
o	Pyometra
o	Invagination
o	Small intestinal torsion

o Small intestinal torsion

Characteristics of chronic gastritis in dogs and cats

o Cannot be subclinical
o Despite polyphagia, loosing weight
o Histopathologic evaluation of the stomach mucosa is required for the diagnosis
o Blood and ultrasound examination is required for the diagnosis

o Histopathologic evaluation of the stomach mucosa is required for the diagnosis

Campylobacter spp./cat therapy?

o Life threatening infection, always treat
o Cats are asymptomatic carriers, never treat
o Treat if relevant clinical signs appear (e.g. acute [bloody] diarrhoea, fever)
o Although cats are asymptomatic carriers, treatment is obligatory because of zoonosis

o Treat if relevant clinical signs appear (e.g. acute [bloody] diarrhoea, fever)

Severe acute gastroenteritis/nutrition/dog, cat?

o Fasting for 3-5 days
o Enteral feeding is not possible because of diarrhoea
o Fasting is not suggested at all, due to severe malnutrition may develop even in few hours
o Enteral feeding is suggested despite diarrhoea

o Enteral feeding is suggested despite diarrhoea

Large colon torsion/outcome? o Can't be solved by surgery, always fatal outcome within one day o Operation rarely successful, physostigmine inj. otherwise death within 2-3 days o Operation can be successful within 8 hours, without surgery: death o Specific body rotation in general anaesthesia can be solution

o Operation can be successful within 8 hours, without surgery: death

Suggested examinations in abdominal distension of small animals o Ballotment probe, CT, laparotomy, blood examination o Undulation test, abdominal US, X-ray, Abdominocentesis o Sedimentation test, urethral catheterisation, scintigraphy o Percussion with auscultation, cystocentesis, APTT, PTT o Ballotment probe, abdominal US, X-ray, cystocentesis

o Undulation test, abdominal US, X-ray, Abdominocentesis

Cause of paralytic ileus? o Enteritis, peritonitis, abdominal surgery (postoperative stage) o Tetanus, botulism, enterotoxicosis, herpes o Stress, organic phosphorous ester toxicosis o Intestinal intussusception, chantaridin toxicosis

o Enteritis, peritonitis, abdominal surgery (postoperative stage)

Mild, acute, small intestinal diarrhoea/suggested additional examinations/dog, cat? o Faecal analysis: parasitological examination o Faecal analysis: parasitological examination and bacteriological culture o Faecal analysis: parasitological examination and Parvo ELISA test o Faecal analysis: parasitological examination and fungal culture

o Faecal analysis: parasitological examination and bacteriological culture

Acute colitis/dog, cat/clinical signs? o Large amount, watery diarrhoea o Small amount, watery diarrhoea with undigested food o Small amount, pudding-like, mucinous, bloody (haematochezia) diarrhoea o Large amount, mucinous, bloody (melena) diarrhoea

o Small amount, pudding-like, mucinous, bloody (haematochezia) diarrhoea

Clinical sign possibly related to oesophageal gastric ulceration? o Anaemia o Teeth grinding o Tar-like faeces o Any of the above

o Any of the above

Anti-emetics/dog? o Haloperidol, torecan, cimetidine o Chlorpromaszine, tiethylperazine, maropitant, metoclopramide o Ondansetron, omeprazole, nizatidine o Metoclopramide, maropitant, famotidine

o Chlorpromaszine, tiethylperazine, maropitant, metoclopramide

Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE)/dog/diagnosis? ``` o Hematocrit (PCV) is significantly increased due to hypovolaemia o Haematocrit (PCV) is significantly decreased due to intestinal bleeding o Haematocrit (PCV) is mildly decreased due to severe coagulopathy o Haematocrit (PCV) is unchanged despite the severe coagulopathy ```

Hematocrit (PCV) is significantly increased due to hypovolaemia

Parvoviral enteritis/dog/therapy? o Fasting during diarrhoea, antibiotic fluid therapy o Intestinal diet or enteral nutrition, antibiotic, fluid therapy o Fasting during diarrhoea, antiviral medication, fluid therapy o Fasting during vomiting, NSAID and corticosteroid, fluid therapy

o Intestinal diet or enteral nutrition, antibiotic, fluid therapy

Megaoesphagus/cause/dog? o Disorders accompanied with neuromuscular dysfunction o Taurine deficiency o Food allergy or food intolerance o Ethylene glycol toxicosis

o Disorders accompanied with neuromuscular dysfunction

AHDS - Acute haemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome/dog, cat o Former name: HGE - haemorrhagic gastroenteritis o Severe disorder, caused by corona virus o Mild disorder, caused by rota virus o Mild disorder, the patient can recover in few days without any treatment

o Former name: HGE - haemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Regurgitation/definition? o Anterograde evacuation of digested food from oesophagus by passive way o Retrograde evacuation of digested food from oesophagus by active way o Retrograde evacuation of undigested food from oesophagus by passive way o Retrograde evacuation of undigested food from stomach by active way

o Retrograde evacuation of undigested food from oesophagus by passive way

Characteristics of MEED (Multisystemic Eosinophilic Epitheliotropic Disease)? Which is not true: o Diarrhoea o Skin lesions o Hypoalbuminemia, liver enzymes increase and absorption tests o Gastrointestinal reflux

o Gastrointestinal reflux

IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)/diagnosis/dog, cat? o After exclusion of diseases with similar symptoms, because it is an idiopathic disorder o With abdominal ultrasonography o With routine laboratory blood tests o With histopathologic examination of stomach/intestines

o With histopathologic examination of stomach/intestines

Which symptom is not common with acute gastric catastrophe? o Abdominal pain o DIC o Shock phases o Vomiting

o Vomiting

• Which statement is TRUE for esophageal diseases

o appetite

• Additional testing is recommended for mild acute small bowel diarrhea

o parasitological examination of the feces

``` This is not true for perianal adenoma? o May malignate over time o It occurs in males o It starts from the circuman glands o In males it starts mainly from parianal sinus ```

o In males it starts mainly from parianal sinus