Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Which staining procedure is used to examine the morphology?

o Kovács- foote staining
o Spermatic staining
o Both
o None

A

o Both

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2
Q

Which degree celsius water should we use for the doubewall glasscontainer?

o 40° C
o 26 ° C
o 37 ° C
o 39 ° C

A

o 37 ° C

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3
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: Small number of cells, > 95% basal-parabasal cells

o Proestrus
o Oestrus
o Diestrus
o Anoestrus

A

o Anoestrus

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4
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: small number of cells, bacteria present, > 60% basal-parabasal cells,

o Proestrus
o Oestrus
o Diestrus
o Late dioestrus

A

o Late dioestrus

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5
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: Large number of cells, bacteria present, parabasal, intermediate, superficial cells

o Early Proestrus
o Oestrus
o Diestrus
o Early diestrous (metoestrous)

A

o Early Proestrus

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6
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: Large number of cells, bacteria present, superficial cells

o Late proestrus
o Oestrus
o Diestrus
o Early diestrous (metoestrous)

A

o Late proestrus

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7
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical might be cells, bacteria present > 80-90% cornified superficial cells

o Late proestrus
o Oestrus
o Diestrus
o Early diestrous (metoestrous)

A

o Oestrus

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8
Q

What factors affect the amount of sperm count?

o The size of the dog
o Frequency of sperm collection
o Both
o None

A

o Both

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9
Q

Which statement is not true for ejaculate concentration?

o Affect age
o The ejaculate of larger dog breeds contains more sperm
o The total number of sperm is 300 million to 2 trillion
o It indicates the quality of the sperm well

A

o It indicates the quality of the sperm well

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10
Q

When is the progesterone level the highest?

A

dioestrus

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11
Q

What is the progesterone level at ovulation?

A

Serum progesterone on ovulation day 5-8 ng/ml

–> varies from 4-10 ng/ml

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12
Q

What is the progesterone level of the blood at LH Peak?

A

2ng/m

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13
Q

When is LH highest?

A

late diestrous

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14
Q

When is FSH highest?

A

late anoestrus

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15
Q

When (which cycle phase) is the bitch receptive?

A

Estrus

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16
Q

What is the level of the progesterone during pregnancy?

A

Above 2.6 ng/ml

17
Q

Which hormone induces changes in the vaginal cytology?

A

Estrogen

18
Q

Juvenile Vaginitis- vaginoscopy

A

hyperplastic lymphoid follicles, erythematous vaginal mucosa, mucopurulent discharge

19
Q

Juvenile Vaginitis - cytology

A

Non-degenerative neutrophils, +/- bacteria, parabasal/ intermediate cells.

20
Q

What are the most common obstructive lesions in the vagina?

A

o Abnormalitties of the Müllerian ducts

–> Cranial vagina septation, imperforate hymen, vaginal stenosis

21
Q

When is estrogen highest?

A

End of proestrus

22
Q

Vaginoscopy; when is MM = dry, pale, wrinkled, slightly swollen

A

Estrus

23
Q

Normal sperm count;

A

 300 million to 2 billion
 Normal percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa - 80%
 Larger breeds of dogs also have a higher number of total spermatozoa in the ejaculate than do smaller breeds

24
Q

Affects sperm Count

A

Age, testicular weight, sexual activity, and perhaps, season of the year

25
Q

Optimum semen pH:

A

6,5 (range 6,3-6,7)

26
Q

What is azoospermia

A
  • Sperm fluid is clear.

- Lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate

27
Q

Cell types from a smear (cytology of semen)

 Normal;

A

Inflammatory cells, RBC and bacteria
o (urethral/ ejaculate contamination)

Epithelial cells
o (Urethral/preputal contamination)

28
Q

Cell types from a smear (cytology of semen)

 Abnormal

A
  • Intracellular bacteria or toxic changes in neutrophils support the presence of infection.
  • Large numbers of red blood cells imply hemorrhage, most commonly originating from the prostate gland or penis
  • Large numbers of mononuclear cells imply immune-mediated orchitis.
29
Q

What is the percent morphologically normal spermatozoa?

A

normal spermatozoa - 80%