urine lab - last lab quiz Flashcards
waht is the normal color of urine
pale yellow
what kind of things can alter the color of urine
hydration levels. certain drugs, supplements or foods
what is the normal PH or urine
between 4 and 8 with an average of 6. typically acidic to prevent the growth of bacteria.
specific gravity of urine
always higher than water which is 1. so more than 1. the range is 1.001 - 1.006
the higher the specific gravity the more particles in the urine
T
as time goes on urine has a stronger smell, why?
because the bacteria is breaking it down and making amonia
what things should not be in urine
RBC, WBC and large proteins becuase they are too large to get across the filtration membrane. Also glucose should not be in urine
things that should be in urine besides water
electrolytes, sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate, bicarbonate, ammonia, uric acid, urea, small proteins and amino acids
what is the definition of PH
measures free hydrogen ions on a scale of 0-14
As you increase the number of free hydrogen ions the PH goes
DOWN
A PH of 7 means that the solution is
neutral
Ph less than 7 means the solution is
acidic
PH more than 7 means the solution is
basic
if you have hyperventilation what will happen to your PH
Less Co2, Less free hydrogen and PH goes up
An acid will increase the free hydrogen and a base will remove free hydrogen
True
a buffer resists change in PH to keep the PH
constant.
The location of the kidneys are
retroperitoneal.
kidney has a connective tissue capsule called the
renal capsule layer
indent on the kidney is called a hillus or hillum where
renal artery, vein and ureter
outer area of kidney is teh
cortex
inner area of kidney is called the
medulla
The direction of urine production is
from the cortex to the medulla and out the ureter
medulla or renal pyramid has a tip called the
papilla
renal columns are the spaces between the
pyramids.
structural and functional unti of the kidney
nephron
nephron is a tube thta the urine is moving through
true
capillary beds are around the nephron to
reabsorb the water back into the blood
where is the blood filtered
renal corpusal
capillary bed in the renal corpusal
glomerulus
outer area of the glomerulus is the
bowmans capsule
order of the glomerulus
renal corpusul, pct, descending limb of the loop of henley, ascending limb of the loop of henley, dct, collecting duct
Afferent bring blood in
efferent brings blood out
The capillary bed that wraps around the top is the
peritubular capillaries
the capillary bed that wraps around the loop of henley is the
vaso rectus
podocytes form a barrier to
prevent large molecules from leaving the blood and getting into the urine
the space of the renal corpusul is the
bowmans space
