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Urinary Test Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system structures

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
one bladder
one urethra

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2
Q

another name for urinary system

A

excretory system

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3
Q

2 functions of the kidneys

A

filters blood

regulates blood pressure

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4
Q

position of the kidneys

A

retroperitoneal
upper pole more posterior than lower pole
right kidney slightly lower than left

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5
Q

renal capsule

A

outer covering

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6
Q

renal cortex

A

outer tissue

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7
Q

renal medulla

A

inner tissue

arranged in pyramids

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8
Q

extensions of cortex between the pyramids

A

renal columns

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9
Q

an area of an organ where things enter and exit

A

hilum

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10
Q

basic structural and functional unit of a kidney

A

nephron

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11
Q

Another name for glomerular capsule

A

bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

cluster of capillaries
located within the glomerular capsule
the actual filter of the kidneys

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

blood ARRIVES via this arteriole

A

afferent arteriole

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14
Q

blood EXITS via this arteriole

A

efferent arteriole

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15
Q

Another name for nephron loop

A

loop of henle

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16
Q

parts of the renal tubule

A

proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct

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17
Q

opening between the collecting ducts and minor calyces

A

renal papilla

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18
Q

cup shaped tubes where the collecting ducts empty into

A

minor calyces

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19
Q

minor calyces unite to form these

A

major calyces

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20
Q

major calyces unite to form this

A

renal pelvis

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21
Q

tubes that convey urine from kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

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22
Q

stores urine

A

bladder

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23
Q

triangular area between the three orifices (r & l ureters and urethra)

A

trigone

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24
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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25
Q

a smaller than normal amount of urine production

A

oliguria

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26
Q

painful urination

A

dysuria

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27
Q

presence of excessive amounts of urea and nitrogen in the blood (hence the BUN blood test)

A

uremia

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28
Q

surgical removal of a kidney

A

nephrectomy

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29
Q

absence of an organ

A

agenesis

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30
Q

abnormal development accounts for small size

A

hypoplasia

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31
Q

diminished size as a result of wasting away

A

atrophy

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32
Q

an increase in size because one kidney must compensate for the absence or lack of function of the other

A

compensatory hypertrophy

33
Q

rotated kidney

A

malrotation

34
Q

abnormally positioned kidneys

A

ectopic kidney

35
Q

lower poles are joined

A

horseshoe kidney

36
Q

kidney with two ureters

A

duplication

37
Q

telescoping of the distal ureter into the bladder

A

ureterocele

38
Q

autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

A

glomerulonephritis

39
Q

inflammation of the kidney due to bacteria

A

pyelonephritis

40
Q

calyceal clubbing

A

radiographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis

41
Q

spread by way of the blood system (circulatory system) (cardiovascular system)

A

hematogenous spread

42
Q

inflammation of the urinary bladder due to bacteria
bladder infection (UTI urinary tract infection)
most common nosocomial infection

43
Q

calculi

A

kidney stones

44
Q

increased level of calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

45
Q

overactivity of the parathyroid gland

A

hyperparathyroidism

46
Q

a stone that completely fills the renal pelvis

A

staghorn calculus

47
Q

medication to dissolve a kidney stone

48
Q

accessed via needle puncture of the skin

A

percutaneous

49
Q

shock waves to break up a kidney stone

A

lithotripsy

50
Q

scope placed through the urethra and bladder to access the ureters to grasp a kidney stone

A

cystoscopic retrieval of a kidney stone

51
Q

a calculus in a vein

common in the pelvic brim area

A

phlebolith

52
Q

narrowing of the urethra

A

urethral stricture

53
Q

dilated kidney

A

hydronephrosis

54
Q

the functional parts of the kidney; the nephrons

A

kidney parenchyma

55
Q

smooth-walled, fluid filled

A

simple cyst

56
Q

inherited disease characterized by the formation of many cysts withing the kidney
mottled or swiss cheese radiographic appearance

A

polycystic kidney disease

57
Q

nephroblastoma

most common childhood kidney neoplasm

A

wilms tumor

58
Q

a blood clot inside the renal vein

A

renal vein thrombosis

59
Q

the failure of the kidneys to filter blood

A

renal failure

60
Q

sudden onset of kidney failure

A

acute renal failure

61
Q

renal failure that persists over a long period of time

A

chronic renal failure

62
Q

glomerular filtration rate

normal is 100 ml/min

63
Q

decrease in blood flow to the kidneys (various causes)
various diseases of the kidneys
toxic substances to the kidneys

A

causes of acute renal failure

64
Q

cause of chronic renal failure

A

diabetes & high blood pressure

65
Q

if kidney damage is severe enough, what will a patient have to begin?

66
Q

the filtering of blood by a machine instead of the kidney

67
Q

3 types of vascular access for hemodialysis

A

venous catheter
AV graft
AV fistula

68
Q

describe the vascular access for hemodialysis

A

the site on your body where blood will be removed and returned during dialysis

69
Q

surgically created connection of an artery and a vein

best vascular access option for hemodialysis

A

AV fistula

70
Q

surgically connecting an artery and vein via an artificial tube

71
Q

temporary vascular access for hemodialysis

A

venous catheter for hemodialysis

72
Q

Absence of a kidney

A

renal agenesis

73
Q

Where would a kidney be for an ectopic kidney?

A

pelvis and chest.

74
Q

Painful urination

75
Q

Pus in the urine

76
Q

A severe form of pyelonephritis exists is characterized by what?

A

gas-forming bacteria

77
Q

80% of renal stones are what?

A

radiopague

78
Q

What test best shows kidney stones?

79
Q

An IVP for a kidney stone may be have to be prolonged for 48 hours why after contrast is administered why?

A

to determine the precise site of obstruction

Radiology (20 decks)

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