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Urinary Test Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system structures

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
one bladder
one urethra

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2
Q

another name for urinary system

A

excretory system

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3
Q

2 functions of the kidneys

A

filters blood

regulates blood pressure

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4
Q

position of the kidneys

A

retroperitoneal
upper pole more posterior than lower pole
right kidney slightly lower than left

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5
Q

renal capsule

A

outer covering

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6
Q

renal cortex

A

outer tissue

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7
Q

renal medulla

A

inner tissue

arranged in pyramids

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8
Q

extensions of cortex between the pyramids

A

renal columns

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9
Q

an area of an organ where things enter and exit

A

hilum

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10
Q

basic structural and functional unit of a kidney

A

nephron

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11
Q

Another name for glomerular capsule

A

bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

cluster of capillaries
located within the glomerular capsule
the actual filter of the kidneys

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

blood ARRIVES via this arteriole

A

afferent arteriole

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14
Q

blood EXITS via this arteriole

A

efferent arteriole

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15
Q

Another name for nephron loop

A

loop of henle

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16
Q

parts of the renal tubule

A

proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct

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17
Q

opening between the collecting ducts and minor calyces

A

renal papilla

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18
Q

cup shaped tubes where the collecting ducts empty into

A

minor calyces

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19
Q

minor calyces unite to form these

A

major calyces

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20
Q

major calyces unite to form this

A

renal pelvis

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21
Q

tubes that convey urine from kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

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22
Q

stores urine

A

bladder

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23
Q

triangular area between the three orifices (r & l ureters and urethra)

A

trigone

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24
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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25
a smaller than normal amount of urine production
oliguria
26
painful urination
dysuria
27
presence of excessive amounts of urea and nitrogen in the blood (hence the BUN blood test)
uremia
28
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
29
absence of an organ
agenesis
30
abnormal development accounts for small size
hypoplasia
31
diminished size as a result of wasting away
atrophy
32
an increase in size because one kidney must compensate for the absence or lack of function of the other
compensatory hypertrophy
33
rotated kidney
malrotation
34
abnormally positioned kidneys
ectopic kidney
35
lower poles are joined
horseshoe kidney
36
kidney with two ureters
duplication
37
telescoping of the distal ureter into the bladder
ureterocele
38
autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
glomerulonephritis
39
inflammation of the kidney due to bacteria
pyelonephritis
40
calyceal clubbing
radiographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis
41
spread by way of the blood system (circulatory system) (cardiovascular system)
hematogenous spread
42
inflammation of the urinary bladder due to bacteria bladder infection (UTI urinary tract infection) most common nosocomial infection
cystitis
43
calculi
kidney stones
44
increased level of calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
45
overactivity of the parathyroid gland
hyperparathyroidism
46
a stone that completely fills the renal pelvis
staghorn calculus
47
medication to dissolve a kidney stone
chmolysis
48
accessed via needle puncture of the skin
percutaneous
49
shock waves to break up a kidney stone
lithotripsy
50
scope placed through the urethra and bladder to access the ureters to grasp a kidney stone
cystoscopic retrieval of a kidney stone
51
a calculus in a vein | common in the pelvic brim area
phlebolith
52
narrowing of the urethra
urethral stricture
53
dilated kidney
hydronephrosis
54
the functional parts of the kidney; the nephrons
kidney parenchyma
55
smooth-walled, fluid filled
simple cyst
56
inherited disease characterized by the formation of many cysts withing the kidney mottled or swiss cheese radiographic appearance
polycystic kidney disease
57
nephroblastoma | most common childhood kidney neoplasm
wilms tumor
58
a blood clot inside the renal vein
renal vein thrombosis
59
the failure of the kidneys to filter blood
renal failure
60
sudden onset of kidney failure
acute renal failure
61
renal failure that persists over a long period of time
chronic renal failure
62
glomerular filtration rate | normal is 100 ml/min
GFR
63
decrease in blood flow to the kidneys (various causes) various diseases of the kidneys toxic substances to the kidneys
causes of acute renal failure
64
cause of chronic renal failure
diabetes & high blood pressure
65
if kidney damage is severe enough, what will a patient have to begin?
dialysis
66
the filtering of blood by a machine instead of the kidney
dialysis
67
3 types of vascular access for hemodialysis
venous catheter AV graft AV fistula
68
describe the vascular access for hemodialysis
the site on your body where blood will be removed and returned during dialysis
69
surgically created connection of an artery and a vein | best vascular access option for hemodialysis
AV fistula
70
surgically connecting an artery and vein via an artificial tube
AV graft
71
temporary vascular access for hemodialysis
venous catheter for hemodialysis
72
Absence of a kidney
renal agenesis
73
Where would a kidney be for an ectopic kidney?
pelvis and chest.
74
Painful urination
dysuria
75
Pus in the urine
pyuria
76
A severe form of pyelonephritis exists is characterized by what?
gas-forming bacteria
77
80% of renal stones are what?
radiopague
78
What test best shows kidney stones?
CT scan
79
An IVP for a kidney stone may be have to be prolonged for 48 hours why after contrast is administered why?
to determine the precise site of obstruction

Radiology (20 decks)

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