Chapter 5 GI Flashcards
The spleen is part of what system?
Lymphatic system
Not GI system!
Name the accessory organs.
Teeth Salivary gland Liver Pancreas Gallbladder.
Double walled membranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity.
Peritoneum.
Visceral peritoneum?
Inner layer.
Parietal peritoneum?
Outer layer.
What is the largest gland in the body?
Liver.
What divides the liver into two major lobes?
Falciform ligament.
What are two blood supplies to the liver?
Hepatic artery
Portal vein.
Refers to the long tube of the digestive system.
Alimentary Tract.
Supplies oxygenated blood from abdominal aorta.
Hepatic artery.
Carries deoxygenated blood from digestive organs to be filtered by liver.
Portal vein.
What organ makes bile?
Liver.
Bile ducts of the liver and gallbladder.
Biliary system.
Organ found underneath the right lobe of liver.
Gallbladder.
Fiction is to store and concentrate bile.
Gallbladder.
The visualization of the interior of the body with a fiver optic camera.
Endoscopy.
A surgically created opening for removal of human waste.
Ostomy/Stoma.
A surgical procedure that brings one end of the colon to the outside of the body.
Colostomy.
Space behind peritoneum?
Retroperitoneum
What organs lie the Retroperitoneum space?
Kidneys and pancreas.
An abnormal opening between two organs.
Fistula.
An abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus.
Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula.
The absence of a normal body opening.
Atresia.
The esophagus ends in a blind pouch.
Congenital Esophageal Atresia.
What can acquired Tracheoesophageal fistulas be caused by?
Malignancy
Infection
Trauma.
Inflammation of the esophagus.
Esophagitis.
Reflex of the stomach contents into the esophagus.
Gastroeophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Chronic GERD causes severe damage to the lining of the esophagus.
Barrett’s Esophagus.
Dilated veins in the esophagus.
Esophageal Varices.
An abnormal protrusion of an organ through an opening.
Hernia.
Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm.
Hiatal hernia.
What is the difference between asymptomatic hiatal hernias and symptomatic hernias?
Asymptomatic hiatal hernias require no treatment.
Symptomatic hernias require surgery.
The inability of the cardiac sphincter to relax.
Achalasia.
Radiographic appearance of achalasia.
Constricted cardiac sphincter; “rat tail” sign.
Treatments for achalasia?
Medications
Endoscopic ballon dilation
Surgery.
A narrow ring of tissue located on the lower end of the esophagus in some people.
Shatzkis ring.
An outpouching of the pharynx; rare, and seen only in the elderly.
Zenkers Diverticulim.
Inflammation of the stomach.
Gastritis.
Open sores in the stomach or duodenum.
Peptic ulcers.
What are the best views for duodenum?
RAO
LPO
Congenital narrowing of the pyloric canal.
Pyloric stenosis.
Radiographic appearance for pyloric stenosis.
String sign of narrowed pyloric canal.
Describe pyloric stenosis.
Characterized by projectile vomiting at 3-5 weeks of age.
Infant becomes dehydrated and fails to gain weight.
Chronic inflammation of the small bowel.
Crohn’s Disease.
Early stage radiographic appearance of Crohn’s disease?
Cobblestone.
Late stage radiographic appearance of Crohn’s disease?
Strong sign.
Small bowel obstruction?
Blockage.
Scar tissue that binds two pieces of anatomy that are normally separate.
Adhesions.
Protrusions of loops of bowel through a weakened muscular wall.
Hernias.
Prolapse of the bowel into itself “telescoping”
Intussusception.
Twisting of a bowel loop on itself.
Volvulus.
Obstruction due to lack of peristalsis (common after surgery)
Ileus.
Radiographic appearance of small bowel obstruction.
Distended loops of small bowel containing air-fluid levels.
Inflammation of the appendix.
Appendicitis.
Outpouching of the colon.
Diverticula.
The condition of having diverticula.
Diverticulosis.
Inflammation of the diverticula.
Diverticulitis.
Radiographic appearance of Diverticulitis.
Extravasation.
Escape of contrast from the normal lumen.
Extravasation.
Abnormal growth that protrudes into the lumen of the bowel.
Polyps.
Inflammation of the colon.
Ulcerative Colitis.
Name two inflammatory bowel diseases.
Crohn’s Disease
Ulcerative Colitis.
Chronic ulcerative colitis is characterized by?
Lead-pipe sign.
Diagnosed by a collection of symptoms and everything else is ruled out.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Another explanation for irritable bowel syndrome.
Not really a disease
Fictional disorder of motility.
Cancer of the colon is commonly characterized by?
Apple core sign.
Varicose veins of the rectum.
Hemorrhoids.
X ray of the gallbladder?
Cholecystogram. (Not done anymore)
X ray of the biliary ducts of the liver after contrast is injected.
Cholangoiogram.
Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
Cholecystectomy
The presences of gallstones.
Cholelithiasis.
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cholecystitis.
How is cholecystitis caused by?
Obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstone.
Treatments for cholecystitis?
Lithotripsy
Stone retrieval via ERCP
Chemical dissolution
Cholecystectomy.
An end-stage liver disease usually caused by alcoholism.
Cirrhosis.
Inflammation of the pancreas.
Pancreatitis.
Inflammation of the peritoneum, usually caused by bacteria or virus.
Peritonitis.
Free air in the peritoneal cavity.
Pneumoperitoneum.
How can pneumoperitoneum be diagnosed?
On a supine abdomen radiograph.
With the presence of the falciform ligament sign.
PTC?
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
ECRP?
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.
T-Tube Cholaniogram.
Gullbladder is removed and sometimes t-tubed is left for drainage.
T tube makes sure there’s no gallstones left behind.
