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Radiology > Chapter 5 GI > Flashcards

Chapter 5 GI Flashcards

1
Q

The spleen is part of what system?

A

Lymphatic system

Not GI system!

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2
Q

Name the accessory organs.

A 
Teeth
Salivary gland
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder.
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3
Q

Double walled membranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity.

A

Peritoneum.

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4
Q

Visceral peritoneum?

A

Inner layer.

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5
Q

Parietal peritoneum?

A

Outer layer.

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6
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver.

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7
Q

What divides the liver into two major lobes?

A

Falciform ligament.

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8
Q

What are two blood supplies to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

Portal vein.

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9
Q

Refers to the long tube of the digestive system.

A

Alimentary Tract.

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10
Q

Supplies oxygenated blood from abdominal aorta.

A

Hepatic artery.

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11
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood from digestive organs to be filtered by liver.

A

Portal vein.

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12
Q

What organ makes bile?

A

Liver.

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13
Q

Bile ducts of the liver and gallbladder.

A

Biliary system.

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14
Q

Organ found underneath the right lobe of liver.

A

Gallbladder.

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15
Q

Fiction is to store and concentrate bile.

A

Gallbladder.

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16
Q

The visualization of the interior of the body with a fiver optic camera.

A

Endoscopy.

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17
Q

A surgically created opening for removal of human waste.

A

Ostomy/Stoma.

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18
Q

A surgical procedure that brings one end of the colon to the outside of the body.

A

Colostomy.

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19
Q

Space behind peritoneum?

A

Retroperitoneum

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20
Q

What organs lie the Retroperitoneum space?

A

Kidneys and pancreas.

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21
Q

An abnormal opening between two organs.

A

Fistula.

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22
Q

An abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus.

A

Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

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23
Q

The absence of a normal body opening.

A

Atresia.

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24
Q

The esophagus ends in a blind pouch.

A

Congenital Esophageal Atresia.

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25
Q

What can acquired Tracheoesophageal fistulas be caused by?

A

Malignancy
Infection
Trauma.

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26
Q

Inflammation of the esophagus.

A

Esophagitis.

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27
Q

Reflex of the stomach contents into the esophagus.

A

Gastroeophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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28
Q

Chronic GERD causes severe damage to the lining of the esophagus.

A

Barrett’s Esophagus.

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29
Q

Dilated veins in the esophagus.

A

Esophageal Varices.

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30
Q

An abnormal protrusion of an organ through an opening.

A

Hernia.

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31
Q

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm.

A

Hiatal hernia.

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32
Q

What is the difference between asymptomatic hiatal hernias and symptomatic hernias?

A

Asymptomatic hiatal hernias require no treatment.

Symptomatic hernias require surgery.

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33
Q

The inability of the cardiac sphincter to relax.

A

Achalasia.

34
Q

Radiographic appearance of achalasia.

A

Constricted cardiac sphincter; “rat tail” sign.

35
Q

Treatments for achalasia?

A

Medications
Endoscopic ballon dilation
Surgery.

36
Q

A narrow ring of tissue located on the lower end of the esophagus in some people.

A

Shatzkis ring.

37
Q

An outpouching of the pharynx; rare, and seen only in the elderly.

A

Zenkers Diverticulim.

38
Q

Inflammation of the stomach.

A

Gastritis.

39
Q

Open sores in the stomach or duodenum.

A

Peptic ulcers.

40
Q

What are the best views for duodenum?

A

RAO

LPO

41
Q

Congenital narrowing of the pyloric canal.

A

Pyloric stenosis.

42
Q

Radiographic appearance for pyloric stenosis.

A

String sign of narrowed pyloric canal.

43
Q

Describe pyloric stenosis.

A

Characterized by projectile vomiting at 3-5 weeks of age.

Infant becomes dehydrated and fails to gain weight.

44
Q

Chronic inflammation of the small bowel.

A

Crohn’s Disease.

45
Q

Early stage radiographic appearance of Crohn’s disease?

A

Cobblestone.

46
Q

Late stage radiographic appearance of Crohn’s disease?

A

Strong sign.

47
Q

Small bowel obstruction?

A

Blockage.

48
Q

Scar tissue that binds two pieces of anatomy that are normally separate.

A

Adhesions.

49
Q

Protrusions of loops of bowel through a weakened muscular wall.

A

Hernias.

50
Q

Prolapse of the bowel into itself “telescoping”

A

Intussusception.

51
Q

Twisting of a bowel loop on itself.

A

Volvulus.

52
Q

Obstruction due to lack of peristalsis (common after surgery)

A

Ileus.

53
Q

Radiographic appearance of small bowel obstruction.

A

Distended loops of small bowel containing air-fluid levels.

54
Q

Inflammation of the appendix.

A

Appendicitis.

55
Q

Outpouching of the colon.

A

Diverticula.

56
Q

The condition of having diverticula.

A

Diverticulosis.

57
Q

Inflammation of the diverticula.

A

Diverticulitis.

58
Q

Radiographic appearance of Diverticulitis.

A

Extravasation.

59
Q

Escape of contrast from the normal lumen.

A

Extravasation.

60
Q

Abnormal growth that protrudes into the lumen of the bowel.

A

Polyps.

61
Q

Inflammation of the colon.

A

Ulcerative Colitis.

62
Q

Name two inflammatory bowel diseases.

A

Crohn’s Disease

Ulcerative Colitis.

63
Q

Chronic ulcerative colitis is characterized by?

A

Lead-pipe sign.

64
Q

Diagnosed by a collection of symptoms and everything else is ruled out.

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

65
Q

Another explanation for irritable bowel syndrome.

A

Not really a disease

Fictional disorder of motility.

66
Q

Cancer of the colon is commonly characterized by?

A

Apple core sign.

67
Q

Varicose veins of the rectum.

A

Hemorrhoids.

68
Q

X ray of the gallbladder?

A

Cholecystogram. (Not done anymore)

69
Q

X ray of the biliary ducts of the liver after contrast is injected.

A

Cholangoiogram.

70
Q

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

A

Cholecystectomy

71
Q

The presences of gallstones.

A

Cholelithiasis.

72
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

A

Cholecystitis.

73
Q

How is cholecystitis caused by?

A

Obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstone.

74
Q

Treatments for cholecystitis?

A

Lithotripsy
Stone retrieval via ERCP
Chemical dissolution
Cholecystectomy.

75
Q

An end-stage liver disease usually caused by alcoholism.

A

Cirrhosis.

76
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas.

A

Pancreatitis.

77
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum, usually caused by bacteria or virus.

A

Peritonitis.

78
Q

Free air in the peritoneal cavity.

A

Pneumoperitoneum.

79
Q

How can pneumoperitoneum be diagnosed?

A

On a supine abdomen radiograph.

With the presence of the falciform ligament sign.

80
Q

PTC?

A

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

81
Q

ECRP?

A

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

82
Q

T-Tube Cholaniogram.

A

Gullbladder is removed and sometimes t-tubed is left for drainage.
T tube makes sure there’s no gallstones left behind.

Radiology (20 decks)

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