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Radiology > 7,8,9,10 > Flashcards

7,8,9,10 Flashcards

1
Q

Partition that separates the rt and lt chambers.

A

Septum.

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2
Q

Initiates electrical impulse.

A

SA node.

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3
Q

Blood vessels that develop to provide an alternative route around an obstruction.

A

Collaterals.

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4
Q

Dilating an artery with a balloon.

A

Angioplasty.

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5
Q

Most common congenital cardiac defect.

A

Atrial septal defect.

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6
Q

Congenital narrowing of aorta.

A

Coarctation.

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7
Q

Accumulation of fatty material (plaque)

A

Atherosclerosis.

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8
Q

Chest pain resulting from mild ischemia.

A

Angina.

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9
Q

Systole

A

Contraction.

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10
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation.

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11
Q

Hypertension numbers?

A

140/90 and above.

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12
Q

Unknown cause.

A

Idiopathic.

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13
Q

The inability of the heart to provide the body with an adequate blood supply.

A

CHF.

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14
Q

What causes CHF?

A

Heart attack

High blood pressure.

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15
Q

Radiographic appearance of CHF?

A

Enlarged heart (cardiomedley)

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16
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

A

Pulmonary Edema.

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17
Q

What is pulmonary edema caused by?

A

CHF

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18
Q

Radiography appearance of pulmonary edema?

A

Overall “congested” appearance of lungs.

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19
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.

A

Pleural effusion.

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20
Q

Radiographic appearance of pleural effusion?

A

Blunting if the costophrenic angles.

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21
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

A localized dilatation of an artery - an abnormal bulging.

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22
Q

The layers of aorta.

A

Intima
Muscular media
Admentisha

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23
Q

Atherosclerosis of the what can lead to a MI?

A

Coronary arteries.

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24
Q

Atherosclerosis of the what can lead to CVA?

A

Cerebral arteries.

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25
Q

Arteriosclerosis.

A

Hardening of the arteries.

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26
Q

What can cause a thrombosis?

A

A-fib
Lesion ruptures
Iatrogenic- caused by a physician
Blood disorder.

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27
Q

A blockage of a blood vessel caused by an object that has migrated from somewhere else in the body.

A

Embolism.

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28
Q

Most common kind of embolism?

A

Thrombus.

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29
Q

A thrombus from the left ventricle can travel where?

A

Brain
Kidney
Or other organs.

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30
Q

Two types of embolisms?

A

Fat

Air

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31
Q

An inflammatory disease that can develop 2-3 weeks after certain infections.

A

Rheumatic fever.

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32
Q

Symptoms of rheumatic fever?

A

Fever
Inflamed and painful joints
Rash.

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33
Q

Rheumatic heart disease can cause damage to?

A

Mitral and aortic valves.

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34
Q

The damage from rheumatic heart disease can lead to?

A

Stenosis

Insufficiency.

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35
Q

The valve does not close properly and blood leaks through when it should be closed.

A

Insufficiency.

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36
Q

Accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space.

A

Pericardial effusion.

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37
Q

Where is the pericardial space?

A

Space between parietal and visceral pericardium.

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38
Q

What is performed to remove fluid from the pericardial space?

A

Pericardiocentesis

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39
Q

Deep venous thrombosis?

A

Primarily involves the lower extremities.

Primary source of pulmonary embolism

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40
Q

DVT is caused by?

A

Trauma
Bacterial infection
Prolonged bed rest
Oral contraceptives.

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41
Q

Dilated, tortuous vessels?

A

Varicose veins.

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42
Q

Supply’s blood to all tissues of the body.

A

Cardiovascular system.

43
Q

CNS

A

Brain

Spinal cord.

44
Q

Brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

45
Q

Largest part of the brain.

A

Cerebrum.

46
Q

Gyri?

A

Elevations

47
Q

Sulci?

A

Grooves.

48
Q

Deep groove that divides cerebrum into rt/lt hemispheres.

A

Longitudinal sulcus (fissure)

49
Q

A food of dura mater that lies within the fissure, changes in its normal position often indicate pathology.

A

Falx cerebri.

50
Q

Rt/Lt hemispheres connected by?

A

Corpus callosum.

51
Q

Located posterior and under cerebrum.

A

Cerebellum.

52
Q

Brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata.

53
Q

Portion of the brain that connects the pins and spinal cord at level of the foramen magnum.

A

Medulla oblongata.

54
Q

Spinal cord extends from where to where?

A

Brain to L1/L2 disk space.

55
Q

Pointed at end of spinal cord.

A

Conus medullaris.

56
Q

Spinal nerves below the termination of spinal cord?

A

Cauda equina (horses tail)

57
Q

Describe the meninges.

A 
Bone
   Epidural space
Dura mater
   Subdural space
Arachnoid
   Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
58
Q

An area of the subarachnoid space that is increases in width, located at the base of brain.

A

Cisterna magna.

59
Q

Four cerebral spinal fluid containing cavities of the brain.

A

Right and left ventricles

Third and Fourth ventricles.

60
Q

An injection into the subarachnoid space.

A

Intrathecal injection.

61
Q

Subarachnoid

A

Intrathecal

62
Q

Does not break apart into ions.

A

Nonionic

63
Q

What contrasted is used.

A

Water soluble
Nonionic
Iodinated.

64
Q

Why is a myelography preformed?

A

To demonstrate spinal cord compression

65
Q

Inflammation of the meningitis

A

Meningitis

66
Q

What is necessary to determine the cause of meningitis?

A

Spinal tap.

67
Q

Inflammation of the brain?

A

Encephalitis.

68
Q

Abscess encapsulated collection of pus.

A

Brain abscess.

69
Q

How is a brain abscess shown?

A

As a mass on CT & MRI

70
Q

Accumulation of pus between dura and arachnid.

A

Subdural empyema.

71
Q

Accumulation of pus between skull and dura

A

Epidural empyema.

72
Q

Inflammation of the bone.

A

Osteomyelitis.

73
Q

Radiographic appearance of osteomyelitis.

A

Multiple, small areas of lucency.

74
Q

Bleed between skull and dura due to trauma; radiopaque.

A

Epidural hematoma.

75
Q

Bleed between dura and arachnid due to trauma; radiopaque.

A

Subdural hematoma.

76
Q

Injury to the brain tissue after trauma to the skull.

A

Cerebral contusion.

77
Q

Bleed in the brain tissue; radiopaque.

A

Intracerebral hematoma.

78
Q

Best modality to see skull fractures?

A

CT

79
Q

Air seen in orbital soft tissues indicates?

A

Fracture of ethmoid.

80
Q

Opacification of maxillary sinus indicates?

A

Fracture of the orbital floor.

81
Q

Any abnormality of the blood vessels to or of the brain?

A

Cerebrovascular disease.

82
Q

An area of necrosis in an organ. (Caused by ischemia)

A

Infarction.

83
Q

The initial appearance of ischemic stroke is within?

A

8-24 hours.

84
Q

TIA’s resolve in?

A

24 hours.

85
Q

Radiographic appearance of a hemorrhagic stroke on a cruise scan?

A

Radiopaque.

86
Q

Radiographic appearance of an old hemorrhagic stroke on a cruise scan?

A

Radiolucent.

87
Q

Idiopathic disease that destroys the myelin around the brain tissue.

A

MS

88
Q

A fatty layer that surrounds the brain matter.

A

Myelin.

89
Q

Areas that are demyelinated are referred to as?

A

Lesions.

90
Q

Petit mal

A

Mild muscular twitching.

91
Q

Grand mal

A

Convulsions, foaming at the mouth, loss of control of urine.

92
Q

Enlargement of the ventricular system as a result of atrophy of surrounding brain tissue.

A

Normal aging.

93
Q

Progressive atrophy and dementia at an earlier age than normal.

A

Alzheimer’s disease.

94
Q

Characterized by involuntary tremor.

A

Parkinson’s disease.

95
Q

Loss of motor function. Leads to paralysis and weakness of respiratory function.

A

Lou Gehrig’s disease.

96
Q

Dilation of the ventricular system caused by obstruction of flow of CHF.

A

Hydrocephalus.

97
Q

System that makes blood.

A

Hematopoietic system.

98
Q

Two tissues that make blood.

A

Red bone marrow

Lymph nodes.

99
Q

Where is red bone marrow found?

A 
Heads of longs bones
Flat bones (aka of illium, sternum, scapula, skull, ribs, and vertebrae)
100
Q

Blood is made of up?

A

Blood cells

Plasma.

101
Q

3 types of blood cells

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets.

102
Q

The system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine system

103
Q

4 major endocrine glands

A

Adrenal- top of kidneys
Pituitary- Stella tarcia
Thyroid- neck
Paratyroid- inside thyroid.

104
Q

Chemicals released by a gland in one part of the body that affect a different part of the body.

A

Hormones.

Radiology (20 decks)

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