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Radiology > Test 1A > Flashcards

Test 1A Flashcards

1
Q

What is interventional radiography?

A

Preformed to treat disease; therapeutic.

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2
Q

What does non-invasive mean?

A

No break in the skin occurs.

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3
Q

What does minimally invasive mean?

A

A small break in the skin occurs - needle puncture.

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4
Q

What does invasive mean?

A

Surgery; incision.

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5
Q

What does catheterize mean?

A

To put a catheter into.

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6
Q

How are angiograms and interventional procedures performed?

A

Using floor mounted c arm.

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7
Q

What does digital subtraction mean?

A

A technique used in interventional radiology where everything is subtracted from the picture except the contrast filled blood vessels.

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8
Q

You must assess a pulse when?

A

Before the exam to establish a baseline.

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9
Q

What tells you the patients tendency to bleed by blood work?

A

PT
PTT
INR
ACT

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10
Q

What tells the patients kidney function from blood work?

A

BUN
Creatinine
GFR

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11
Q

When must you get obtain a written consent form?

A

Bleed
Iatrogenic
Infection
Thrombus formation.

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12
Q

What are the monitoring equipment patients are connected too?

A

BP
ECG
Plies Oximeter

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13
Q

What is the access needle also know as?

A

Hypodermic needle.

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14
Q

What are guide wires?

A

Stainless steel wire, the guide wire is inserted first then the catheter is threaded over the guidewire.

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15
Q

What is a sheath?

A

A short catheter that maintains the blood vessel access.
Hollow
Has a one way valve.
Usually comes with a dilator

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16
Q

What is a catheter?

A

A plastic hollow tube, transports contrast from outside the body to a location inside the body.

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17
Q

Describe the catheter distal end and proximal end.

A

Distal end - the tip, the part that is placed into a blood vessel

Proximal end - the hub; the part that attaches to tubing so that the contrast can be injected.

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18
Q

Describe sterile table and prepackaged sterile packs.

A

Contains swabs and drapes used to prep the patient - create a sterile field.

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19
Q

What is diagnostic ateriograms?

A

Preformed to identify disease. (Minimally invasive)

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20
Q

What is the operation for automatic pressure injectors?

A

The main parameter is the flow rate, flow rate is how much contrast per second.

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21
Q

Name the 4 parts to the automatic injector.

A

Control panel
Syringe
Heating device
High pressure mechanism

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22
Q

What is the control used for in automatic injectors?

A

This is the touch screen that you see and set the parameters.

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23
Q

What is the heating device for the automatic injector?

A

This heats the contrast to decrease viscosity.

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24
Q

Describe viscosity.

A

Thick and sticky.

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25
Q

What is the high pressure mechanism for the automatic injector?

A

This is the part that pushes the plunger of the syringe.

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26
Q

What is the pressure limiting device?

A

This is a pre-set on the injector that pressure never exceeds a certain amount. If it did the catheter could burst and could cause an embolism.

27
Q

What is the acceleration regulator?

A

This allows the injection to be accelerated gradually to avoid catheter whip.

28
Q

What is the Seldinger method?

A

Percutaneous approach of accessing a blood vessel.

29
Q

Describe arterial access.

A

Look for bright red blood; pulsatile.

30
Q

Describe venous access.

A

Look for darker red blood; not pulsatile.

31
Q

What is the pressure for arteries?

A

Manual pressure for at least 20 minutes or the use of a specialized device.

32
Q

What is the pressure for veins?

A

Manual pressure 10 minutes.

33
Q

What does LHC stand for?

A

Left heart cath.

34
Q

How is a LHC accessed?

A

Via an artery.

35
Q

Where does the catheter stop on a left ventriculogram?

A

Left ventricle.

36
Q

What does RHC stand for and how is it accessed?

A

Right Heart Cath

Accessed via a vein.

37
Q

Pulmonary arteries also accessed how?

A

Via a vein.

38
Q

What does hemodynamics mean?

A

Recording blood pressure within a blood vessel or chamber of the heart.

39
Q

What are the blood movement pressure for arteries and veins.

A

Arteries - 120/80

Veins - 5

40
Q

Why would interventional procedure stop blood flow?

A

Stop hemorrhage
Block blood flow to an aneurysm
Block blood flow to an AVM
Block blood flow to a tumor.

41
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nose bleed.

42
Q

What is hemoptysis?

A

Coughing up blood.

43
Q

What is a AVM?

A

A tumor of blood vessels.

44
Q

What is a uterine fibroid?

A

Common benign tumor in the uterus.

45
Q

What is a uterus?

A

Reproductive organ in the pelvis only in women.

46
Q

Name 3 ways to decrease blood flow.

A

Embolic materials
Endoluminal thermal ablation
Vasoconstrictiors.

47
Q

What are coils?

A

Coils of wire with strands of fabric; promotes clot formation.

48
Q

Name the embolic materials.

A

Coils

Glue.

49
Q

What is angioplasty?*

A

Ballooning of an artery to make the lumen bigger; squishes the plaque to the sides of the vessel wall.

50
Q

What is a stent?

A

A device that supplies to a tubular structure.

51
Q

What is atherectomy?

A

Actual remove of plaque.

52
Q

What is thrombolysis?

A

To dissolve a blood clot.

53
Q

What is thrombectomy?

A

To remove a blood clot.

54
Q

What do stent-graft, covered stent, and endografts fix?

A

Aneurysm

Dissection

55
Q

What equipment can remove foreign bodies such as catheters and guide wires?

A

Snare loop

Grasping devices

56
Q

Describe what needs to be done after inserting an access wire.

A

1 Guide wire is inserted into needle and advanced into blood vessel.
2 The needle is taken out, the wire is left in place.
3 a dilator/sheath is placed over the guidewire and advanced into blood vessel.
4 The dilator is removed and discarded; the guidewire is removed; the sheath is the only thing left in place
5 The sheath has a one way valve; guidewire & catheters can now be inserted; blood cannot come out.

57
Q

Describe what needs to be done before inserting an access wire.

A

1 the site is shaved; surgically prepared and draped

2 Local anesthetic given.

58
Q

What does a inferior vena cava filter prevent? And what does it catch?

A

Prevent a PE

Catches a DVT

59
Q

What is a balloon pump?

A

Cardiac assist device?

60
Q

Explain the balloon pump.

A 
1 Gives the body an extra heart beat
2 Large ballon placed in thoracic aorta
3 it inflates on heart diastole
4 it deflates on heart systole
5 Used to assist the heart; lets heart rest.
61
Q

What does CABG stand for?

A

Coronary artery bypass graft ( don’t do in cath lap. This is surgery)

62
Q

What is a graft?

A

Section of the saphenous vein used to bypass the stenosed coronary arteries.

63
Q

Which side heart cath is done the most?

A

Left heart cath.

Radiology (20 decks)

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