Test 1A Flashcards
What is interventional radiography?
Preformed to treat disease; therapeutic.
What does non-invasive mean?
No break in the skin occurs.
What does minimally invasive mean?
A small break in the skin occurs - needle puncture.
What does invasive mean?
Surgery; incision.
What does catheterize mean?
To put a catheter into.
How are angiograms and interventional procedures performed?
Using floor mounted c arm.
What does digital subtraction mean?
A technique used in interventional radiology where everything is subtracted from the picture except the contrast filled blood vessels.
You must assess a pulse when?
Before the exam to establish a baseline.
What tells you the patients tendency to bleed by blood work?
PT
PTT
INR
ACT
What tells the patients kidney function from blood work?
BUN
Creatinine
GFR
When must you get obtain a written consent form?
Bleed
Iatrogenic
Infection
Thrombus formation.
What are the monitoring equipment patients are connected too?
BP
ECG
Plies Oximeter
What is the access needle also know as?
Hypodermic needle.
What are guide wires?
Stainless steel wire, the guide wire is inserted first then the catheter is threaded over the guidewire.
What is a sheath?
A short catheter that maintains the blood vessel access.
Hollow
Has a one way valve.
Usually comes with a dilator
What is a catheter?
A plastic hollow tube, transports contrast from outside the body to a location inside the body.
Describe the catheter distal end and proximal end.
Distal end - the tip, the part that is placed into a blood vessel
Proximal end - the hub; the part that attaches to tubing so that the contrast can be injected.
Describe sterile table and prepackaged sterile packs.
Contains swabs and drapes used to prep the patient - create a sterile field.
What is diagnostic ateriograms?
Preformed to identify disease. (Minimally invasive)
What is the operation for automatic pressure injectors?
The main parameter is the flow rate, flow rate is how much contrast per second.
Name the 4 parts to the automatic injector.
Control panel
Syringe
Heating device
High pressure mechanism
What is the control used for in automatic injectors?
This is the touch screen that you see and set the parameters.
What is the heating device for the automatic injector?
This heats the contrast to decrease viscosity.
Describe viscosity.
Thick and sticky.
What is the high pressure mechanism for the automatic injector?
This is the part that pushes the plunger of the syringe.
What is the pressure limiting device?
This is a pre-set on the injector that pressure never exceeds a certain amount. If it did the catheter could burst and could cause an embolism.
What is the acceleration regulator?
This allows the injection to be accelerated gradually to avoid catheter whip.
What is the Seldinger method?
Percutaneous approach of accessing a blood vessel.
Describe arterial access.
Look for bright red blood; pulsatile.
Describe venous access.
Look for darker red blood; not pulsatile.
What is the pressure for arteries?
Manual pressure for at least 20 minutes or the use of a specialized device.
What is the pressure for veins?
Manual pressure 10 minutes.
What does LHC stand for?
Left heart cath.
How is a LHC accessed?
Via an artery.
Where does the catheter stop on a left ventriculogram?
Left ventricle.
What does RHC stand for and how is it accessed?
Right Heart Cath
Accessed via a vein.
Pulmonary arteries also accessed how?
Via a vein.
What does hemodynamics mean?
Recording blood pressure within a blood vessel or chamber of the heart.
What are the blood movement pressure for arteries and veins.
Arteries - 120/80
Veins - 5
Why would interventional procedure stop blood flow?
Stop hemorrhage
Block blood flow to an aneurysm
Block blood flow to an AVM
Block blood flow to a tumor.
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleed.
What is hemoptysis?
Coughing up blood.
What is a AVM?
A tumor of blood vessels.
What is a uterine fibroid?
Common benign tumor in the uterus.
What is a uterus?
Reproductive organ in the pelvis only in women.
Name 3 ways to decrease blood flow.
Embolic materials
Endoluminal thermal ablation
Vasoconstrictiors.
What are coils?
Coils of wire with strands of fabric; promotes clot formation.
Name the embolic materials.
Coils
Glue.
What is angioplasty?*
Ballooning of an artery to make the lumen bigger; squishes the plaque to the sides of the vessel wall.
What is a stent?
A device that supplies to a tubular structure.
What is atherectomy?
Actual remove of plaque.
What is thrombolysis?
To dissolve a blood clot.
What is thrombectomy?
To remove a blood clot.
What do stent-graft, covered stent, and endografts fix?
Aneurysm
Dissection
What equipment can remove foreign bodies such as catheters and guide wires?
Snare loop
Grasping devices
Describe what needs to be done after inserting an access wire.
1 Guide wire is inserted into needle and advanced into blood vessel.
2 The needle is taken out, the wire is left in place.
3 a dilator/sheath is placed over the guidewire and advanced into blood vessel.
4 The dilator is removed and discarded; the guidewire is removed; the sheath is the only thing left in place
5 The sheath has a one way valve; guidewire & catheters can now be inserted; blood cannot come out.
Describe what needs to be done before inserting an access wire.
1 the site is shaved; surgically prepared and draped
2 Local anesthetic given.
What does a inferior vena cava filter prevent? And what does it catch?
Prevent a PE
Catches a DVT
What is a balloon pump?
Cardiac assist device?
Explain the balloon pump.
1 Gives the body an extra heart beat 2 Large ballon placed in thoracic aorta 3 it inflates on heart diastole 4 it deflates on heart systole 5 Used to assist the heart; lets heart rest.
What does CABG stand for?
Coronary artery bypass graft ( don’t do in cath lap. This is surgery)
What is a graft?
Section of the saphenous vein used to bypass the stenosed coronary arteries.
Which side heart cath is done the most?
Left heart cath.
