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Radiology > Chapter 1, 2 (Pathology) > Flashcards

Chapter 1, 2 (Pathology) Flashcards

1
Q

Disease?

A

An abnormal condition of the body.

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2
Q

Infectious?

A

Caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus.

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3
Q

Acquired?

A

Develops after birth.

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4
Q

Metabolic?

A

Disturbance of normal functions of the body. (diabetes).

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5
Q

Neoplastic?

A

Formation of tumors.

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6
Q

Iatrogenic?

A

Caused by the physician.

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7
Q

Idiopathic?

A

No known cause.

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8
Q

Signs for disease?

A

Changes that are measurable, objective.

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9
Q

Symptoms for disease?

A

Changes that are not measurable, subjective.

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10
Q

Nosocomial infections?

A

Acquired while hospitalized.

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11
Q

Community acquired infections?

A

Acquired outside of the hospital.

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12
Q

Inflammation?

A

The vascular response to bodily injury.

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13
Q

5 clinical signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of fiction.
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14
Q

What is granuloma?

A

Usually in the lung, where fibrous scar tissue replaces the injured tissues, indicates an area of old inflammation.

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15
Q

What is infection?

A

Invasion of the body by a disease causing bacteria, virus, or fungus. Caused by a pathogen.

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16
Q

Infections cause what?

A

Inflammation.

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17
Q

Can you have inflammation without infection?

A

Yes.

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18
Q

What is edema?

A

Accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid.

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19
Q

What is localized edema?

A

Restricted to a particular location.

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20
Q

What is generalized edema?

A

Pronounced swelling throughout the body.

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21
Q

In generalized edema, what can gravity cause?

A

Fluid to collect around the ankles.

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22
Q

Pulmonary edema?

A

Edema in lungs.

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23
Q

Pleural effusion?

A

Edema in the pleural space.

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24
Q

Pericardial effusion?

A

Edema in the pericardial space.

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25
Q

Peritoneal ascites?

A

Edema in the peritoneal space.

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26
Q

What is ischemia?

A

A decreased supply of blood to an organ.

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27
Q

What causes ischemia?

A

Narrowing of an artery, occlusion of artery.

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28
Q

What is infarct?

A

Tissue death due to ischemia.

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29
Q

What is Necrosis?

A

An area of dead tissue.

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30
Q

What is a hemorrhage?

A

Massive bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel.

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31
Q

What is an external hemorrhage?

A

Can see the blood leave body.

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32
Q

What is an internal hemorrhage?

A

A blood vessel is torn and blood is filling the surrounding space, cannot see it.

33
Q

Hemothorax?

A

Blood in the pleural space.

34
Q

What is hemopericardium?

A

Blood in the pericardial space.

35
Q

What is hemoperitoneum?

A

Blood in the peritoneal space.

36
Q

What is hemarthrosis?

A

Blood in the joint.

37
Q

Hematoma?

A

A collection of extravasated blood under the skin.

38
Q

What is extravasation?

A

Leakage of fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissue. (Superficial you can see) (Deep you cannot - brain)

39
Q

Atrophy?

A

Decreased in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue. (Arm in cast)

40
Q

Hypertrophy?

A

Increase in size.

41
Q

Hypoplasia and Aplasia? (same thing)

A

Small size due to abnormal growth and development.

42
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increase in the number of cells.

43
Q

*** What is Dysplasia?

A

Abnormal growth or development.

44
Q

What is Neoplasia?

A

New growth.

45
Q

What is Neoplasms?

A

Tumors.

46
Q

What is Oncology?

A

Study of tumors.

47
Q

What does Benign mean?

A

Non cancerous. (Can still cause problems)

48
Q

*** What is Fibroma?

A

Benign tumor of fibrous tissue.

49
Q

*** What is Chondroma?

A

Benign tumor of cartilage.

50
Q

*** What is Adenoma?

A

Benign tumor of glandular tissue.

51
Q

*** What is Cystadenoma?

A

Benign tumor of cysts.

52
Q

*** What is Limpoma?

A

Benign tumor of fat.

53
Q

*** What is Myoma?

A

Benign tumor of muscle.

54
Q

*** What is Angioma?

A

Benign tumor of blood vessels.

55
Q

*** What is Granuloma?

A

Area of old inflammation.

56
Q

What does Malignant mean?

A

Cancerous.

57
Q

3 main cancers Sharron wants us to know?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Sarcoma
  3. Leukemia
58
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled growth of destructive cells.

59
Q

What does metastasize mean?

A

To spread to other sites.

60
Q

What is Carcinogen?

A

Something that causes cancer. (Cigarettes, sun, x-Rays)

61
Q

When describing a tumor, what does differentiated mean?

A

Well defined.

62
Q

When describing a tumor, what does undifferentiated mean?

A

Not well defined, bizarre patterns.

63
Q

What is Lymphatic spread?

A

Cancer spread by the way of the lymphatic system.

64
Q

What is Hematogenous spread?

A

Cancer spread by way of the blood vessels.

65
Q

Treatments for cancer?

A

Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Hormonal Therapy
Chemotherapy

66
Q

What is a Adhesion?

A

Scar tissue that binds together two pieces of anatomy that are normally separate. (Usually in the abdomen)

67
Q

What does chronic mean?

A

Developing slowly and persisting for a long period.

68
Q

What does acute mean?

A

Sudden onset.

69
Q

What is Etiology?

A

The study of the cause of disease.

70
Q

What is diagnosis?

A

Identification of a disease.

71
Q

What is Prognosis?

A

The prediction of the course of outcome of a disease.

72
Q

What is a lesion?

A

Generic term used to describe the many types of cellular that can occur in response to disease.

73
Q

What is bacteremia?

A

The presence of bacteria in the blood.

74
Q

What is Pyogenic bacteria?

A

Bacteria that leads to the formation of pus.

75
Q

What is an abscess?

A

A localized, usually encapsulated, collection of pus.

76
Q

What is a localized abscess?

A

Confined, restricted to a particular location.

77
Q

What is an encapsulated abscess?

A

Surrounded by a membrane.

78
Q

Pathology?

A

Study of disease.

Radiology (20 decks)

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