2nd Final Flashcards
What are changes within the patient that are not observable or measurable to the health care worker?
Symptoms.
What does hypertrophy mean?
An increase in size.
What does the prefix pre mean?
Before.
What is an abscess?
A localized collection of pus.
What is the term for massive bleeding?
Hemorrhage.
What is the prefix post mean?
After.
Pyogenic bacteria is bacteria that forms what?
Pus.
What is an area of dead tissue referred to?
A necrotic area.
What are changes within the patient that are observable or measurable?
Signs.
What is an aneurysm?
An abnormal bulging of a blood vessel.
What is the term that refers to abnormal growth and development?
Dysphasia.
What is another word for malignant?
Cancerous.
What is an abnormal accumulation of fluid called?
Edema.
What is the definition of a neoplasm?
New growth or new tumor.
What does idiopathic mean?
The cause is unknown.
What is an abnormal opening between two organs called?
A fistula.
What does the prefix hypo refer to?
Under, two little, less than normal.
What does iatrogenic mean?
Caused by physician.
What is cardiomegaly?
An enlarged heart.
What is angiomas?
Benign tumor is blood vessels.
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain collectively describe what?
Inflammation.
What is air in the pleural space called?
Pneumothorax.
What is ischemia?
The decrease of blood supply to an organ.
What is fluid in the pleural space called?
Pleural effusion.
What does the prefix myo refer to?
Muscle.
What term refers to the study of function within the human body?
Anatomy.
What does the prefix chondro refer to?
Cartilage.
What term refers to the study of function within the human body?
Physiology.
What is the study of disease?
Pathology.
A disease genetically transmitted from parent to child is termed what?
A hereditary disease.
What is a term that refers to blood vessels?
Blood vessels.
Which body system is responsible for supplying the body with oxygen?
Respiratory system.
What is the term for not well defined; bizarre pattern?
Undifferentiated.
Durning a CT exam, what is the part of the machine that the patient couch travels into and out of?
Gantry.
Which body system is responsible for supplying blood to organs and tissues of the body?
Cardiovascular system.
What does the prefix hyper refer to?
Over; excessive.
What is the test tool called that is radiographed to evaluate image quality?
A phantom.
What is the hilum of an organ?
The area where structures enter and exit an organ.
What is the disease classification that refers to deterioration of the body; associated with the aging process?
Degenerative disease.
Which modality must screen their patients for possible metallic objects implanted or imbedded in them?
MRI.
Where is the parietal pleura located in relationships to the lungs?
The outer membrane.
What is the term that means a disease or condition is present at birth?
Congenital.
Which modality utilizes a gamma camera to detect radiation and form an image?
Nuclear medicine.
What is the king disease characterized by the excessive secretion of mucus?
Cystic fibrosis.
What term refers to the sudden onset of signs or symptoms of a disease?
Acute.
Which modality utilizes radiophramaceuticals to emit radiation?
Nuclear medicine.
Vasodilators are medications that make ? Larger/smaller?
The lumen of blood vessels larger.
If a lesion is found during an angiogram procedure, describe where is the lesion found?
In a blood vessel.
Which body habitus has the heart laying the most transverse and the diaphragm placed the highest?
Hypersthenic.
Bronchoconstrictors are medications that make ? Larger/smaller?
The lumen of bronchi smaller.
How can a disease be described that develops slowly and persists over a long period of time?
Chronic.
Which body habitus is characterized by the heart laying more vertical, the lungs are long, the diaphragm low?
Asthenic.
What pathologic condition can be seen as narrowing of the trachea on an X ray?
Croup.
What organ are the biliary ducts found?
Liver.
What is another way of referring to organs of the chest?
Thoracic viscera.
Why what respiratory disease affects infants and has a high rate is nosocomial infection?
RSV.
In ultrasonography, what is the device used to send and receive the signal?
Transducer.
What is another way of referring to the structures of the chest made of bones?
Bony thorax.
COPD can be described as the over inflation of the lungs. How can over inflation be described radiographically?
Radiolucent.
Which condition is characterized by the narrowing of airways as a response to allergens?
Asthma.
What does the prefix peri refer to?
Around.
What is describe as a collection of blood outside the blood vessel?
Hematoma.
What is another name for a collapsed lung?
Atelectasis.
What does the prefix epi refer to?
Above.
What is describe as tissue death due to a decrease in blood supply to an organ or tissue?
Infarction (nercrosis- tissue death)
Ischemia - decrease in blood supply.
What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space called?
Pleural effusion.
What does the prefix neo refer to?
New.
What is the term for the identification of a disease.
Diagnosis.
Why is a hemoptysis?
Coughing up blood.
What does the prefix post- refer to?
After.
What is the term for the prediction of the course of outcome of a disease?
Prognosis.
What other term can be used to interchangeably with emphysema?
COPD.
What does the prefix sub refer to?
Below.
What does hypoxia refer to?
Lack of oxygen.
What term best describes the study of neoplasms?
Oncology.
What does the suffix itis refer to?
Inflammation.
What is another term for noncancerous?
Benign.
What does the prefix hetero refer to?
Different.
What does the prefix intra refer to?
Within.
What is the name of an infection that is obtained while hospitalized?
Nosocomial.
What does the suffix Lysis and Lytic refer to?
To dissolve.
What causes the infection in the lungs in histoplasmosis?
Fungi.
What is the term for the study of the cause of disease?
Etiology.
What does the prefix poly refer to?
Many.
What is the term for scar tissue that binds together two pieces of anatomy?
Adhesions.
What is the term for something that causes cancer?
Carcinogen.
What does the prefix osteo refer to?
Bone.
What is described as an inflammation of the lungs that is caused by bacteria or a virus?
Pneumonia.
What is atrophy; wasting away?
A decrease in size.
What is the structures called that separate the epiphysis from the diaphysis in children?
Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
What is another term for degenerative joint disease (DJD)?
Osteoarthritis.
What part of the body does a jones fracture refer to?
Base of the 5th metatarsal of the foot.
What is the epiphyseal plate made of?
Cartilage.
What is the term for an incomplete fracture that is common in children?
Greenstick fracture.
What part of the body does a Colles fracture pertain to?
Wrist.
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of a joint.
What is a fracture describe as a small bone fragment torn from a bony prominence?
Avulsion fracture.
Where does the humeral head project on a Y view with anterior dislocation?
Below the coracoid process.
What is osteomyelitis?
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.
What is the term for a buckling fracture?
Torus fracture.
What disease of the bone is characterized by the destruction of bone followed by a reparative process?
Paget’s disease.
What is osteomalacia?
Softening of the bone.
What is the term for a fracture that results in the bone to be bowed?
Bowing fracture.
What is the name of the double membranous sac that encloses the abdominal organs?
Peritoneum.
Why is rickets?
Softening of the bone in children. (vitamin d deficiency).
What is a fracture that results in the bone sticking out of the skin?
Open fracture.
What two blood vessels transport blood to the liver?
Hepatic artery & portal vein.
What disease of the bone is also known as “marble bones” and appears more radiopaque than normal bones?
Osteopetrosis.
What is the term for the displacement of a bone from its normal articulation?
Dislocation.
What is the function of the gallbladder?
To store bile.
What is the term for bony fusion across a joint?
Ankylosis.
What is a fracture that results in more than two bone framents?
Comminuted fracture.
What two ducts join to form the common bile duct?
Common hepatic & cystic ducts.
Describe the radiographic appearance of osteoporosis?
Radiolucent.
The fat pad sign is associated with what body part?
Elbow.
What two ducts join to form the ampulla of vater?
Common bile duct & and pancreatic ducts.
What disease is characterized by loss of joint cartilage and narrowing of a joint space?
Osteoarthritis.
What is the forward displacement of one vertebral body over a lower one?
Spondylolithesis.
What is the term for the radiographic examination of the biliary ducts after contract is injected?
Cholangiogram.
What is the most distal portion of the small intestine?
Ileum.
What is the twisting of a bowel loop on itself termed?
Volvulus.
The apple core sign is usually indicative of cancer of what?
The colon.
What is the most proximal portion of the small intestine?
Duodenum.
What is an obstruction due to lack of peristalsis termed?
An ileus.
What vein is obstructed with cirrhosis?
Portal vein.
What is the most proximal portion of the large intestine called?
Cecum.
What is biliary stenosis?
Narrowing of the bile ducts.
What liver disease is associated with esophageal varices?
Cirrhosis.
Why organ does the cystic duct arise from?
Gallbladder.
What is cholelithiasis?
The presence of gallstones.
What is the primary causes of cirrhosis?
Alcoholism.
What is the term for an abnormal protrusion of an organ through an opening?
Hernia.
What is cholecystits?
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
What does the urinary system filter?
Blood.
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
What condition does distended loops of bowel demonstrate?
A bowel obstruction.
What are the functional units of the kidneys called?
Nephrons.
What the most common cause of esophagitis?
GERD.
Why pathology does free air demonstrate?
A perforated bowel.
What are the cup shaped structures called in the kidney that the collecting ducts empty into?
Minor calyces.
What is the condition called when there is an absence of an opening that should be normally be there?
Atresia.
What is a cluster of capillaries called within a nephron of a kidney?
A glomerulus.
What is the procedure preformed to see inside the bowel with a fiber optic camera?
Endoscopy.
What is another term for dilated, torturous veins?
Varicose veins; varices.
What is cholecystectomy?
The surgical removal of the gallbladder.
What is another name for the glomerular capsule?
The bowmans capsule.
What is telescoping of the bowel into itself termed?
Intussusception.
During a T-tube cholangiogram what anatomy is visualized when following the antegrade flow of contrast?
Duodenum.
What unite and form the renal pelvis?
Major calyces.
What is considered the actual filter in the kidneys?
The glomerulus.
What is the medical term for a dilated kidney?
Hydronephrosis.
What is the general term that refers to the structures that supply the brain tissue with blood?
The cerebral arteries.
What is the cortex of the kidney?
Outer layer of renal tissue.
What is a stone called that completely fills the renal pelvis?
A staggers calcuclus.
What supplies the heart with blood?
The coronary arteries.
What does retroperitoneum refer to?
Behind the peritoneum.
What would cause a dilated kidney?
An obstruction of the ureter.
What is the relaxation phase of the heart termed?
Diastole.
Define retrograde.
Against renal artery.
What is the telescoping of the distal ureter into the bladder termed?
A ureterocele.
What initiates the electrical impulse of the heart?
The SA node.
What supplies the kidney with blood?
The renal artery.
What is the condition of a kidney with two ureters termed?
Duplication.
What is the structures that separates the right and left chambers of the heart?
Te septum.
What is absence of an organ termed?
Agenesis.
What is the disease characterized by many cysts within the kidney?
Polycystic kidney disease.
What is the term that means heart muscle?
Myocardium.
What is the condition characterized by the fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys?
Horseshoe kidney.
What is the presence of blood in the urine termed?
Hematuria.
What is the systemic circulation?
Blood from the heart, to the body, then back to the the heart.
What does the term dysuria mean?
Painful urination.
Renal failure is the failure of the ? to do what?
Kidneys, to filter blood.
What is the accumulation of plaque termed?
Atherosclerosis.
Explain dialysis.
A procedure that involves the filtering of blood by a machine.
What is nephrectomy?
The surgical removal of a kidney.
What is term for a decrease blood supply to an organ or tissue?
Ischemia.
What is an abnormally positioned kidney called?
An ectopic kidney.
What major structures are the cardiovascular system composed of?
The heart and blood vessels.
What is coarctation?
A congenital narrowing of the aorta.
With one word, what is coronary artery disease?
Atherosclerosis.
What is the most common access site for angiography?
Femoral artery.
Why two structures does the mitral valve lie between?
Left atrium and left ventricle.
What is the term for a hole between the atria of the heart?
Atrial septal defect.
What CHF?
Congestive heart failure.
Why 3 structures make up the brain?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem.
What term describes the narrowing of the lumen of an artery?
Stenosis.
What artery condition is at risk for rupture?
Aneurysm.
What is the structure made of nerves fibers that connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Corpus callosum.
What is the branch of medicine that specializes in cancer?
Oncology.
What is the term for a decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue?
Ischemia.
What is the inner most layer of a blood vessel?
Intima.
How far down does the spinal cord extend?
L1/L2?
What is angina?
Chest pain.
What is the term for hardening of the arteries?
Arteriosclerosis.
What is the outermost meninge?
Dura matter.
What is a myocardial infarction?
Heart attack.
What is bother name for a thrombus?
Blood clot.
What is the space between the arachnoid and the dura matter?
Subdural space.
What does CABG stand for?
Coronary artery bypass graft.
What is the condition where the layers of a blood vessel are separated?
Dissection.
What is a common cause of a brain abscess?
Sinus infection.
What is the term for the force exerted by the circulation blood on the blood vessel walls?
Blood pressure.
Where does a thrombus travel to cause a pulmonary embolism?
Pulmonary arteries.
What is empyema?
A collection of pus.
What is the term for high blood pressure?
Hypertensive.
Where does a thrombus usually come from to cause pulmonary embolism?
Deep veins of the legs.
For which type of stroke are blood thinners contraindicated?
Hemorrhagic.
What is the condition characterized by the failure of the heart to supply the body with enough blood?
Congestive heart failure.
What two structures does the aortic valve lie between?
Left ventricle and aorta.
What is the term for decline in memory?
Dementia.
