Test 4 Flashcards
A neurologic assessment tool that determines level of consciousness.
Glasgow coma scale.
Level of consciousness?
LOC.
A life-threatening medical condition where the body is not getting enough blood flow.
Shock.
Low blood pressure, respirations rapid and shallow, tachycardia, cold clammy skin, anxiety.
Symptoms of shock.
Stop the procedure, place the patient supine, elevate the legs, call for help.
Radiographers response to shock.
Shock caused by the heart by pumping enough blood to the rest of the body.
Cariogenic shock.
The heart muscle damaged by a myocardial infarction.
The most common cause of Cardiogenic shock.
Myocardial infarction.
MI
Heart attack.
MI
Heart muscle tissue death due to decreased blood supply.
MI
Shock caused by a spinal cord injury that caused vasodilation.
Septic shock.
Shock caused by a severe allergic reaction that causes vasodilation.
Anaphylactic shock.
Severe allergy.
Anaphylaxis.
Swelling of the upper airway.
Symptom of anaphylaxis.
Throat; upper airway.
Pharynx.
Epinephrine & Benadryl.
Medications given for an anaphylactic shock emergency.
Prednisone & Benadryl.
Premedication given to prevent an anaphylactic emergency.
An occlusion of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus.
Pulmonary embolus.
Artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery.
Diphenhydramine.
Generic name of Benadryl.
Chronic condition of having too much glucose the blood.
Diabetes.
Too much glucose in the blood.
Hyperglycemia.
Too low of glucose in the blood.
Hypoglycemia.
Pancreas not producing enough insulin.
Cause if diabetes.
A hormone that makes the organs take up glucose from the blood.
Insulin.
Cerebral vascular accident; stroke.
CVA.
Interruption of the blood supply to the brain.
CVA.
Blockage of a cerebral artery.
Ischemic stroke.
Rupture of a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic stroke.
Weakness, confusion, extreme thirst, irritability, blurred vision.
Symptoms of a diabetic emergency.
Sudden onset of severe headache, sudden onset of one sided weakness, slurred speech, confusion.
Symptoms of a stroke.
A patient’s heart stops beating.
Cardiac arrest.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
CPR.
Compressions, airway, breathing.
Order of CPR.
Patient stops breathing.
Respiratory arrest.
The ventricles of the heart are quivering, instead of making strong contractions.
Ventricular fibrillation.
Use a defibrillator.
What to do if a patient goes into ventricular fibrillation. (V-fib)
Automatic external defibrillator.
AED.
Abdominal thrust.
What to do if a patient has an airway obstruction.
Fainting; a temporary loss of consciousness.
Syncope.
Lower patient to the ground; elevate the legs.
What to do if a patient has an episode of syncope.
Acknowledge the complaint, help alleviate pain anyway you can, call for help if needed, report the complaint of pain to the patients nurse.
What to do if a patient is having pain.
Stay calm, do not be confrontational, reassure, ask for help.
How to handle an an agitated or confused patient.
Difficulty breathing.
Respiratory distress.
Increase in breathing rate, blushing color around the mouth of fingernails, grunting/nose flaring/sweating/wheezing, chest retractions.
Symptoms of respiratory distress.
Put patient in sitting position, semi-fowler position may help, get the oxygen ready, call for help.
What to do if a patient is experiencing labored breathing.
Study of drugs.
Pharmacology.
Drug/medication; biologic; alternative substances.
3 categories of substance used for therapeutic purposes.
A chemical agent capable of producing a biologic response in the body.
Drug/medication.
A substance naturally produced by a human or animal intended to be used therapeutically.
Biologic.
A plant based substance intended to be used therapeutically.
Alternative substance.
Therapeutic.
A desirable response of a drug on the body.
Adverse.
An undesirable response of a drug on the body.
A cart that contains the medications and equipment that are needed when a patient’s condition suddenly becomes critical.
Crash cart.
what the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetics
absorbs it, distributes it, metabolizes it, excretes it
the steps of pharmacokinetics
partial metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
first-pass effect
what the drug does to the body
pharmacodynamics
name; mode of action; prescription/nonprescription; agonist/antagonist
ways a drug can be classified
part of a cell that the drug binds to
receptor
a drug that produces an effect when it binds to a cell
agonist
a drug that prevents an action from happening when it binds to a cell; blocking drugs
antagonist
intended to effect a only a certain location
local medications
numbs the area
local anesthetic
xylocaine
lidocaine
has an effect throughout the body
systemic medications
oral, rectal, sublingual, parenteral
4 routes of drug administration
the route of drug administration that does not involve the GI tract; an injection of some kind
parenteral
within a vein
intravenous
within a muscle
intramuscular
injection into the spine
intrathecal
into the dermis (skin)
intradermal
just below the dermis (skin)
subcutaneous
the introduction of a fluid through a vein
intravenous therapy
vena cava
central
peripherally inserted central catheter
PICC line
extremities
peripheral
inside the cell
intracellular
outside the cell
extracellular
inside a blood vessel
intravascular
drops
gtt
pain relievers
analgesics
strong pain relievers
narcotics
treats arrhythmias of the heart
antiarrhythmics
treat infections caused by bacteria
antibiotics
hinders the coagulation (clotting) of the blood
anticoagulants
prevents vomiting
antiemetics
lowers blood pressure
antihypertensives
destroys platelets
antiplatelets
reduces anxiety
anxiolytic
calms a patient to permit sleep
sedative
increases the excretion of urine
diuretics
breaks up a thrombus (blood clot)
thrombolytic
narrows the blood vessels
vasoconstrictors
widens blood vessels
vasodilators
negative contrast agent
low atomic number
attenuates less radiation
radiolucent
air
iodine
barium
2 positive contrast agents
high atomic number
attenuates more radiation
radiopaque
positive contrast agents
water
solvent
water with things dissolved in it
solution
the “things” dissolved in a solution
solute
blood cells
plasma
2 components of blood
sodium and chloride
the solutes in plasma
equal osmotic pressure; equal amount of solute on the inside and outside of the cells
isotonic
fluids that have a greater solute concentration than blood
hyperosmolar
fluids that have a smaller concentration than blood
hypoosmolar
the passage of water through a semipermeable membrane into a place of higher solute concentration
osmosis
hyperosmolarity
most common cause of adverse reactions to contrast media
breaks apart into 2 ions when enters the blood stream
contains iodine
ionic contrast
does not break apart into ions when enters the blood stream
contains iodine
nonionic contrast
viscosity increases
what happens to viscosity as the amount of iodine increases
thickness and stickiness
viscosity
injection pressures increase
what happens to injection pressures as viscosity increases?
the ability of something to mix with blood
miscibility
the urinary system
how is iodinated contrast eliminated from the body
10-30 mg/dl
normal BUN
.5-1.5 mg/dl
normal creatinine
100 ml/min
normal GFR
hyperosmolarity
when a patient has a reaction of decreased blood pressure after having contrast, what is the usual cause?
electrocardiogram
12 leads
a 6 second recording of the electrical activity of the heart
ECG/EKG
electrodes
what is the electricity detected by during an EKG
a patch placed on the patient’s skin to detect the heart’s electrical activity
electrode
10 leads are attached (10 wires)
how many electrodes and leads are attached during a 12-lead EKG
2 meanings:
the wire
the view of the heart recorded between two electrodes
an EKG lead
pacemaker of the heart
generates the electrical signal of the heart
located in right atrium
SA node
the heart is beating normally and the impulse is originating in the SA node
normal sinus rhythm
SA node; AV node; Bundle of His; R & L bundle branches; purkinje fibers
path of the electrical signal in the heart
atrial contraction
p wave
ventricular contraction
QRS
ventricular relaxation
T wave
anything other than a normal ECG
arrhythmia
slow sinus rhythm
less than 60 beats/min
sinus bradycardia
fast sinus rhythm
more than 100 beats/min
sinus tachycardia
v-fib
ventricles are quivering
irregular wavy line
use the defibrillator
ventricular fibrillation
no p wave
atria are quivering
common cause of blood clots
atrial fibrillation
no heart beat
flat line
asystole
st elevated myocardial infarction
STEMI
3 or 5 leads
transmits the electrical activity to a nurses station
telemetry
patient wears it
electrical activity is recorded when symptoms occur
event recorder
patient wears it
electrical activity is recorded continuously for days
holter monitor
