Chapter 1, 2 (Modalities)

Question 1

What does noninvasive mean?

Answer 1

No break in the skin, without use of incision or puncture(needle)

Question 2

In Ultrasound, what is stimulated?

Answer 2

A specialized crystal.

Question 3

In Ultrasound, how is the crystal stimulated?

Answer 3

By electrical stimulation.

Question 4

In ultrasound, what is produced when the crystal is stimulated?

Answer 4

High frequency sound waves.

Question 5

What does hypoechoic mean?

Answer 5

Fluid filled structures show up black.

Question 6

What does hyperechoic mean?

Answer 6

Solid structures show up white.

Question 7

What is the major advantage of ultrasound?

Answer 7

Safety.

Question 8

What is ultrasound highly dependent on?

Answer 8

Operator skill.

Question 9

What is ultrasound used for?

Answer 9

Fetal age (age of the unborn child)
Placenta placement (organ present in pregnancy)
Congenital anomalies
Complications of pregnancy
Imaging guide for biopsies, aspirations and drain placement.

Question 10

What is ultrasound of the abdomen used for?

Answer 10

Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal structures
Abdominal and pelvic abscess
Obstruction of biliary tract (ducts of liver and gallbladder)
Obstruction of urinary tracts (ureters)
Prostrate gland

Question 11

What is ultrasound of the breast used for?

Answer 11

Breast (to differentiate solid cystic masses)

Musculoskeletal (to visualize obvious superficial masses)

Question 12

What is a biopsy?

Answer 12

To take a piece of an organ and analyze it in lab.

Question 13

What is aspiration?

Answer 13

To withdraw fluid from the body. (Usually with a needle)

Question 14

What is drain placement?

Answer 14

To place a tube in the body to drain fluid.

Question 15

What does vascular or color flow Doppler ultrasound demonstrate? ( patent, major blood vessels)

Answer 15

Patency of major blood vessels
Patient- unobstructed, intact
Major blood vessels - aorta, vena cava and other large vessels)

Question 16

What does Doppler do?

Answer 16

Demonstrates the motion of blood flow.

Question 17

What does CT do?

Answer 17

Produces cross sectional images.

Question 18

CT uses narrow or large x ray beams to expose patients?

Answer 18

Narrow.

Question 19

What is an algorithm?

Answer 19

Complex mathematical computations performed by a computer.

Question 20

Describe CT numbers.

Answer 20

Water = 0 ( appears gray)
Bone = 1000 (appears white)
Air = -1000 (appears black)

Question 21

What does window width refer to in CT?

Answer 21

Contrast.

Question 22

What does window level refer to in CT?

Answer 22

Density.

Question 23

What is a CTA and what is it used for?

Answer 23

CT angiography.

CT of blood vessels.

Question 24

In MR, what waves are applied?

Answer 24

Pulsed radio frequency.

Question 25

In MR, when rf pulse is on what happens?

Answer 25

Protons in the body absorb energy.

Question 26

In MR, when rf pulse is off what happens?

Answer 26

Protons in the body release the energy.

Question 27

In MR, what does relaxation mean?

Answer 27

The releasing of the energy.

Question 28

Does MR use ionizing radiation?

Answer 28

No.

Question 29

What is radiopharmaceutical?

Answer 29

A drug that emits radiation.

Question 30

In Nuclear medicine, what is the radiation detected by?

Answer 30

A gamma camera.

Question 31

In Nuclear Medicine what does SPECT do?

Answer 31

Creates three dimensional images.

Question 32

In Nuclear Medicine, what is difference between SPECT scans and PET scans?

Answer 32

The radiopharmaceuticals that are used emit radiation differently.

Question 33

What is Ultrasound?

Answer 33

Used high frequency sound waves produced by electrical stimulation of a specialized crystal.