Urinary System

Question 1

organs of the urinary system

Answer 1

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra

Question 2

function of the kidney

Answer 2

filtration and cleansing of the blood

Question 3

hilum structure of the kidney

Answer 3

site of entry and exit for the renal blood vessels and ureter

Question 4

% of cardiac output the kidney receives

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

purpose of the pyramids in the pelvis of the kidney

Answer 5

inner part of the kidney forming the medulla, which contains the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood

Question 6

function of renal vasculature

Answer 6

carries blood from the heart to the kidneys to be filtered

Question 7

proximal convoluted tubule function and structure

Answer 7

longest segment of the nephron, cuboidal epithelium with a brush border of microvilli
reabsorbs more than 60% of glomerular filtrate; sugar, sodium, chloride, and water

Question 8

distal convoluted tubule function and structure

Answer 8

smaller and shorter than proximal, simple cuboidal epithelium lacks a brush border, appear more open and clear, regulates potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH

Question 9

loop of Henle function and structure

Answer 9

separates the proximal and distal tubules, water conservation
descending limb is short and thick, with simple cuboidal followed by a long thin segment of simple squamous
ascending limb has thin simple squamous segment followed by thick simple cuboidal segment

Question 10

vascular pole of the glomerulus

Answer 10

where afferent and efferent vessels enter and exit the glomerulus

Question 11

Bowman’s capsule of the glomerulus

Answer 11

outer (parietal) layer of the renal corpuscle made of simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

function of the nephron

Answer 12

osmoregulation and excretion of waste

Question 13

type of epithelium in the proximal and distal renal tubules

Answer 13

cuboidal

brush border in the proximal only

Question 14

structure and function of the ureters

Answer 14

fibromuscular tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder via peristaltic smooth muscle contraction

Question 15

luminal epithelium of the ureter, upper and lower

Answer 15

transitional epithelium
upper is 2-3 layers
lower is 4-5 layers

Question 16

3 components of the ureter wall

Answer 16

lamina propria
muscularis externae
adventitia

Question 17

structure of the male vs female urethra

Answer 17

F M
5cm 25cm
3 layers 3 segments
few vascular channels and mucus glands prostatic, membranous, and penile
transitional epithelium for both

Question 18

3 layers found in the female urethra

Answer 18

mucosa, muscularis externae, adventitia

Question 19

function of the urinary bladder

Answer 19

temporarily stores urine

Question 20

epithelium of the urinary bladder

Answer 20

transitional epithelium, urothelium

Question 21

number of layers in the urinary bladder

Answer 21

4; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia