Respiratory System

Question 1

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

gas exchange, warms and moistens incoming air, filtration to prevent infection

Question 2

two divisions of the respiratory system and their components

Answer 2

upper and lower respiratory tract

upper: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
lower: trachea, bronchiole tree, lungs

Question 3

three components of the upper respiratory system

Answer 3

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Question 4

framework and structure of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

framework of bone and cartilage, bony projections called conchae increase surface area and create turbulence for conditioning incoming air

nostrils lined with strat squam and vibrissae hairs, cavities lined with pscce

Question 5

what type of epithelium does the nasal cavity mucous membrane have?

Answer 5

pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium

Question 6

what epithelium is in each vestibule of the nasal cavity

Answer 6

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

function of the vibrissae

Answer 7

thick hairs in the nose that act as a coarse filter

Question 8

location and structure of the larynx

Answer 8

between the trachea and pharynx
cartilage framework keeps the airway open, lined with a mucous membrane of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and a lamina propria, skeletal muscle fibers for vocal articulation

Question 9

location of true and false vocal cords

Answer 9

laryngeal region, true is surrounded by false

Question 10

three components of the trachea

Answer 10

mucosa PSCCE, submucosa serous and mucous glands, adventitia rings of cartilage and connective tissue

Question 11

function of goblet cells in the trachea

Answer 11

mucous production for lubrication and trapping dust and bacteria

Question 12

epithelium in the mucosa of the trachea

Answer 12

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 13

structure of the bronchial tree (primary and secondary)

Answer 13

two primary (main) bronchi, one goes into each lung
in the lung they branch into secondary (lobar) bronchi

Question 14

epithelium in the branches of the bronchial tree

Answer 14

ciliated columnar in most of the tree but shorter and almost cuboidal in the most peripheral branches

Question 15

three types of cells in the lamina propria of the bronchial tree

Answer 15

lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

Question 16

changes through the pathway of the bronchial tree starting with primary bronchi

Answer 16

columnar epithelium shortens and flattens out to nearly cuboidal and then squamous in the alveoli, tube diameter decreases, cartilage disappears when you get to the bronchioles, smooth muscle and elastic tissue increases, number of glands and goblet cells decreases

Question 17

function of cilia

Answer 17

catch particulate in the airways and move mucous to cough up/swallow

Question 18

function of alveoli in the lungs

Answer 18

increase surface area of the lungs for gas exchange

Question 19

type of epithelium on the alveolar surfaces

Answer 19

simple squamous and cuboidal

Question 20

three types of alveolar associated cells

Answer 20

type I pneumocytes (squamous), type II pneumocytes (cuboidal), and macrophages