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Histology Fall 2019 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tightly cohesive sheets of cells that have several functions depending on their specialization
cover the whole surface of the body, both internal and external
skin, intestine, ducts, secretory glands such as salivary glands, liver, blood vessels

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2
Q

characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue

A

absorption, secretion, or acting as a barrier

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3
Q

types of epithelial tissue

A

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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4
Q

basement membrane

A

a thin sheet of connective tissue that provides structural support for the epithelium and binds it to neighboring structures

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5
Q

cilia

A

fine, hair-like outgrowths that help remove dust and foreign bodies from the airways (lungs and nose), also occur in the uterus and Fallopian tubes
capable of rapid rhythmic wavelike beating that causes mucus to move

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6
Q

microvilli

A

located on the lumen of the mesoderm, helps organs slide past each other

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7
Q

endoderm

A

internal layer; lung, gastric lining, pancreas, thyroid

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8
Q

endothelium

A

a simple squamous epithelium. circulatory system lining; heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, sinusoids, and lymphatics

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9
Q

mesothelium

A

a simple squamous epithelium derived from the mesoderm. lines the major body cavities; peritoneal, pleural, pericardial. lumen is covered in microvilli that allows organs to slide past each other.
monolayer of flattened squamous epithelial cells on a thin basement membrane

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10
Q

squamous

A

thin flat plates, elliptical nuclei

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11
Q

simple epithelium

A

one cell layer, typically metabolic epithelia that allow for the transport of ions

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12
Q

stratified epithelium

A

two or more cell layers thick, such as skin, tend to be defensive rather than metabolic

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13
Q

pleura

A

lining around the lungs

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14
Q

transitional

A

urinary tract

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15
Q

peritoneum

A

lining around the abdominal cavity

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16
Q

mesothelium function

A

lines the major body cavities; peritoneal, pleural, pericardial, and internal reproductive organs. lumen is covered in microvilli and the cells secrete lubricating fluid that allows organs to slide past each other.

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17
Q

visceral mesothelium

A

covers the outside of internal organs

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18
Q

parietal mesothelium

A

covers the body walls

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19
Q

apical surface

A

surface of the epithelium that faces the lumen

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20
Q

basal surface

A

surface of the epithelium that attaches to the basement membrane/connective tissue

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21
Q

synthesis

A

synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix for repair

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22
Q

secretion

A

epithelial tissue in glands secretes chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricating fluids

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23
Q

absorption

A

epithelial lining of the digestive tract absorbs nutrients from digested food

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24
Q

sensory reception

A

specialized epithelium containing nerve endings can be found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue

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25
protection
epithelial cells protect underlying layers from mechanical and chemical damage, bacteria, and loss of water
26
functions of epithelial tissue
synthesis, secretion, absorption, sensory reception, protection, excretion, diffusion, cleaning, reduction of friction
27
excretion
kidneys excrete waste products, sweat glands produce sweat
28
diffusion
simple epithelium allows for the diffusion of gasses, liquids, and nutrients. ex: walls of capillaries and lungs
29
cleaning
cilliated epithelium helps remove dust from the airways
30
reduction of friction
smooth, tightly locked epithelial cells help reduce friction between blood and blood vessels
31
7 types of epithelium
simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, transitional
32
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of cells, flat and plate like, joined by intercellular junctions resting on a basement membrane
33
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of cells, flat and plate like, joined by intercellular junctions resting on a basement membrane found in alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange, kidney glomerulus for filtration of urine, endothelium of the heart
34
simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer, cells are cube shaped, protective, forms conduits for gland ducts, or specialized for secretion and absorption, cytoplasm has more mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum than simple squamous. found in glands such as the thyroid, ovary surface, renal tubules, eye, pancreas
35
simple columnar epithelium
single layer, closely packed slender columns, apical surface forms lumen, oval nucleus near base of cells, forms the major ducts of glands, stomach, intestine, gall bladder, bronchi, goblet cells are common (duodenum), nose, ears, taste buds
36
stratified epithelium
body linings that need to withstand wear an tear, composed of several layers of cells with top cells that are flat and scaly
37
skin
dry, keratinized stratified epithelium
38
lining of the mouth
wet, unkeratinized stratified epithelium
39
stratified squamous
cells nearest the environment are flattened, base looks cuboidal, found in the esophagus and epidermis of the skin
40
basal lamina
extracellular matrix excreted by the epithelium which separates the epithelium from the connective tissue and provides structural support to the epithelium, is part of the basement membrane
41
stratified columnar epithelium
cuboidal at the base, columnar near the surface, found in the male urethra and some large ducts in glands
42
pseudostratified epithelium
single layer of irregular cells that look like multiple layers, common in the respiratory tract, cilliated, goblet cells, nuclei appear at different levels
43
transitional epithelium
urothelium, found in the urinary tract, a type of stratified epithelium in which apical cells are cuboidal rather than squamous, until stretched when the bladder is full
44
vein lining
simple squamous epithelium, endoderm
45
duct lining
simple cuboidal epithelium
46
desmosomes
mediate lateral cell adhesion by connecting intermediate filaments in one cell to those in another, provide mechanical stability, plentiful in the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, slightly flexible like Velcro
47
intermediate junctions
zonula adherens, close to the apical surface, occur at cell to cell junctions, and surround the entire cell
48
tight junctions
zonula occludens, isolates interior of the body from the exterior, water-tight, seals the gap between epithelial cells, can be found in the small bowel and keeps digested food from passing between cells
49
gap junctions
allows the passage of small water soluble molecules from cell to cell
50
Stratified cuboidal
Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands
51
Kidney
Simple cuboidal, simple squamous
52
Lungs
Pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium, simple squamous
53
Colon
Simple columnar, goblet cells
54
Thyroid
Simple cuboidal
55
Pancreas
Simple cuboidal, simple columnar
56
Esophagus
Stratified squamous
57
Epidermis/skin
Stratified squamous
58
Trachea
Pseudostratified cilliated columnar, goblet cells
59
Fallopian tube
Pseudostratified cilliated columnar
60
Breast
Simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal

Histology Fall 2019 (31 decks)

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