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Histology Fall 2019 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tightly cohesive sheets of cells that have several functions depending on their specialization
cover the whole surface of the body, both internal and external
skin, intestine, ducts, secretory glands such as salivary glands, liver, blood vessels

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2
Q

characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue

A

absorption, secretion, or acting as a barrier

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3
Q

types of epithelial tissue

A

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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4
Q

basement membrane

A

a thin sheet of connective tissue that provides structural support for the epithelium and binds it to neighboring structures

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5
Q

cilia

A

fine, hair-like outgrowths that help remove dust and foreign bodies from the airways (lungs and nose), also occur in the uterus and Fallopian tubes
capable of rapid rhythmic wavelike beating that causes mucus to move

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6
Q

microvilli

A

located on the lumen of the mesoderm, helps organs slide past each other

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7
Q

endoderm

A

internal layer; lung, gastric lining, pancreas, thyroid

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8
Q

endothelium

A

a simple squamous epithelium. circulatory system lining; heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, sinusoids, and lymphatics

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9
Q

mesothelium

A

a simple squamous epithelium derived from the mesoderm. lines the major body cavities; peritoneal, pleural, pericardial. lumen is covered in microvilli that allows organs to slide past each other.
monolayer of flattened squamous epithelial cells on a thin basement membrane

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10
Q

squamous

A

thin flat plates, elliptical nuclei

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11
Q

simple epithelium

A

one cell layer, typically metabolic epithelia that allow for the transport of ions

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12
Q

stratified epithelium

A

two or more cell layers thick, such as skin, tend to be defensive rather than metabolic

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13
Q

pleura

A

lining around the lungs

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14
Q

transitional

A

urinary tract

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15
Q

peritoneum

A

lining around the abdominal cavity

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16
Q

mesothelium function

A

lines the major body cavities; peritoneal, pleural, pericardial, and internal reproductive organs. lumen is covered in microvilli and the cells secrete lubricating fluid that allows organs to slide past each other.

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17
Q

visceral mesothelium

A

covers the outside of internal organs

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18
Q

parietal mesothelium

A

covers the body walls

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19
Q

apical surface

A

surface of the epithelium that faces the lumen

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20
Q

basal surface

A

surface of the epithelium that attaches to the basement membrane/connective tissue

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21
Q

synthesis

A

synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix for repair

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22
Q

secretion

A

epithelial tissue in glands secretes chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricating fluids

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23
Q

absorption

A

epithelial lining of the digestive tract absorbs nutrients from digested food

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24
Q

sensory reception

A

specialized epithelium containing nerve endings can be found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue

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25
Q

protection

A

epithelial cells protect underlying layers from mechanical and chemical damage, bacteria, and loss of water

26
Q

functions of epithelial tissue

A

synthesis, secretion, absorption, sensory reception, protection, excretion, diffusion, cleaning, reduction of friction

27
Q

excretion

A

kidneys excrete waste products, sweat glands produce sweat

28
Q

diffusion

A

simple epithelium allows for the diffusion of gasses, liquids, and nutrients. ex: walls of capillaries and lungs

29
Q

cleaning

A

cilliated epithelium helps remove dust from the airways

30
Q

reduction of friction

A

smooth, tightly locked epithelial cells help reduce friction between blood and blood vessels

31
Q

7 types of epithelium

A

simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, transitional

32
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of cells, flat and plate like, joined by intercellular junctions resting on a basement membrane

33
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of cells, flat and plate like, joined by intercellular junctions resting on a basement membrane
found in alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange, kidney glomerulus for filtration of urine, endothelium of the heart

34
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer, cells are cube shaped, protective, forms conduits for gland ducts, or specialized for secretion and absorption, cytoplasm has more mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum than simple squamous.
found in glands such as the thyroid, ovary surface, renal tubules, eye, pancreas

35
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer, closely packed slender columns, apical surface forms lumen, oval nucleus near base of cells, forms the major ducts of glands, stomach, intestine, gall bladder, bronchi, goblet cells are common (duodenum), nose, ears, taste buds

36
Q

stratified epithelium

A

body linings that need to withstand wear an tear, composed of several layers of cells with top cells that are flat and scaly

37
Q

skin

A

dry, keratinized stratified epithelium

38
Q

lining of the mouth

A

wet, unkeratinized stratified epithelium

39
Q

stratified squamous

A

cells nearest the environment are flattened, base looks cuboidal, found in the esophagus and epidermis of the skin

40
Q

basal lamina

A

extracellular matrix excreted by the epithelium which separates the epithelium from the connective tissue and provides structural support to the epithelium, is part of the basement membrane

41
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

cuboidal at the base, columnar near the surface, found in the male urethra and some large ducts in glands

42
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

single layer of irregular cells that look like multiple layers, common in the respiratory tract, cilliated, goblet cells, nuclei appear at different levels

43
Q

transitional epithelium

A

urothelium, found in the urinary tract, a type of stratified epithelium in which apical cells are cuboidal rather than squamous, until stretched when the bladder is full

44
Q

vein lining

A

simple squamous epithelium, endoderm

45
Q

duct lining

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

46
Q

desmosomes

A

mediate lateral cell adhesion by connecting intermediate filaments in one cell to those in another, provide mechanical stability, plentiful in the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, slightly flexible like Velcro

47
Q

intermediate junctions

A

zonula adherens, close to the apical surface, occur at cell to cell junctions, and surround the entire cell

48
Q

tight junctions

A

zonula occludens, isolates interior of the body from the exterior, water-tight, seals the gap between epithelial cells, can be found in the small bowel and keeps digested food from passing between cells

49
Q

gap junctions

A

allows the passage of small water soluble molecules from cell to cell

50
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

51
Q

Kidney

A

Simple cuboidal, simple squamous

52
Q

Lungs

A

Pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium, simple squamous

53
Q

Colon

A

Simple columnar, goblet cells

54
Q

Thyroid

A

Simple cuboidal

55
Q

Pancreas

A

Simple cuboidal, simple columnar

56
Q

Esophagus

A

Stratified squamous

57
Q

Epidermis/skin

A

Stratified squamous

58
Q

Trachea

A

Pseudostratified cilliated columnar, goblet cells

59
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Pseudostratified cilliated columnar

60
Q

Breast

A

Simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal

Histology Fall 2019 (31 decks)

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