Cells/Organelles

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

contains the cytoplasm of the cell
regulates materials entering and exiting the cell
made up of a hydrophilic lipid bilayer
coated by the glycocalyx

Question 2

glycocalyx

Answer 2

a carbohydrate-enriched coating that covers the outside of many eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

contents of the cell, jelly like fluid
contains the cytosol liquid + all the organelles
space for dissolved molecules to move through
is basic and positively charged
acidophilic: stains pink with eosin which is an acidic dye

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

"brain" of the cell
generates mRNA to direct protein synthesis
contains DNA and the nucleolus 
acidic, negatively charged
basophilic, stains blue with hematoxylin

Question 5

nucleolus

Answer 5

produces ribosomes
located inside the nucleus
negatively charged, acidic
basophilic, stains blue with hematoxylin

Question 6

nuclear membrane

Answer 6

contains the chromatin
regulates what enters and exits the nucleus
phospholipid bilayer membrane
pores allow for communication

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

the power house of the cell, provides energy

converts glycogen to glucose

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

synthesize proteins from mRNA
found both in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free floating in the cytoplasm
produced in the nucleolus
large subunit is 2RNA+49 proteins, small subunit is 1RNA+33 proteins
acidic, basophilic, stains blue with hematoxylin

Question 9

golgi complex/apparatus

Answer 9

modifies molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum
adds elements to finish off proteins
sorting and packaging

Question 10

rough er

Answer 10

transport, managing, and packaging proteins produced by the ribosomes embedded in it
has ribosomes, granular

Question 11

smooth er

Answer 11

transport, lipid synthesis and storage
no ribosomes, agranular
carbohydrate metabolism, calcium regulation

Question 12

vacuoles

Answer 12

dump materials outside of the cell
storage of lipids
may contain waste

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

digest waste from the cell
“garbage men” made in the golgi complex
contain wear and tear pigment

Question 14

microtubules

Answer 14

give structure to the cell, form the cytoskeleton
act as highways for transport of materials throughout the cell
made up of tubulin molecules

Question 15

vesicles

Answer 15

transport materials within the cell, temporary packages, especially between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi complex

Question 16

primary lysosomes

Answer 16

granular, no digested material inside

Question 17

secondary lysosomes (endolysosomes)

Answer 17

larger and more electron dense, some digested material

Question 18

tertiary lysosomes

Answer 18

older, prominent in nerve and cardiac tissue, almost completely filled with debris

Question 19

nucleoplasm

Answer 19

fluid within the nucleus containing chromatin and the nucleolus

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments