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Histology Fall 2019 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood and blood forming

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2
Q

connective tissue proper

A

subdivided into loose and dense, generalized connective tissue made up of cells, extracellular fibers, and extracellular ground substance

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3
Q

cartilage

A

made of cells and ECM, chondroblasts produce matrix and have a basophilic cytoplasm, avascular

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4
Q

bone

A

made of cells and ECM, osteoblasts and osteocytes produce matrix, matrix is mineralized by calcium phosphate, type I collagen

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5
Q

blood and blood forming

A

mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages

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6
Q

connective tissue

A

made up of support cells and their associated extracellular matrix, functions as an avenue for transport and communication (vascular and innervated)

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7
Q

collagen fibers

A

flexibility with high tensile strength, secreted by fibroblasts, found in tendons and ligaments

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8
Q

elastic fibers

A

stretchy, helps restore tissues to normal shape after stretching; found in the lungs, skin, diaphragm, urinary bladder, vocal cords, and blood vessels

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9
Q

reticular fibers

A

wound repair, supporting framework in large organs such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and bone marrow

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10
Q

fibroblasts

A

synthesize and secrete ground substance, very little cytoplasm and elongated nucleus, secrete the ECM components in most tissues, abundant golgi complexes

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11
Q

mast cells

A

fillopodia to increase surface area, granular cytoplasm, trigger immune and inflammatory responses, typically located near blood vessels so response to secreted substances (histamines) is rapid

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12
Q

plasma cells

A

mature B lymphocytes for antibody production located in the bloodstream, strong basophilic cytoplasm

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13
Q

adipose

A

fat, storage of lipids for nutrients, thermoregulation (brown fat/multiocular adipocyte), source of fuel for metabolic processes, thin rim of cytoplasm with a flattened nucleus

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14
Q

macrophages

A

engulf and digest bacteria and other particulate matter involved in the immune response, attracted to sites of inflammation, granular cytoplasm, come from bone marrow

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15
Q

pericytes

A

wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body

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16
Q

ground substance

A

a hydrated gel matrix made of water (for communication and transport by diffusion) stabilized by glycosaminoglycans GAC’s

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17
Q

cells that make up connective tissue proper

A

fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, adipose cells, macrophages, pericytes

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18
Q

function of fibrillar proteins

A

provide support and are one component of the ECM

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19
Q

two types of dense tissue

A

dense collagenous and dense elastic

20
Q

mesenchymal cells and their function

A

primitive cells derived from the mesoderm, differentiates into various connective tissue cell types,
produces cytokines which influence the differentiation and aging of other cells

21
Q

how H&E stains active and inactive fibroblasts

A

active are weakly basophilic (purple) inactive are weakly acidophilic (pink)

22
Q

arrangement of adipose tissue

A

lobules surrounded by fibrous septa

23
Q

function of the basement membrane

A

anchor down the epithelium to its loose connective tissue underneath

24
Q

fibronectin

A

mediates adhesion between cells and ECM, binds collagen to ground substance (glycosaminoglycans)

25
Q

loose connective tissue

A

areolar, cushioning layer highly cellular, few fibers, extremely flexible, well vascularized, loose irregular fibers, abundant ground substance

26
Q

dense connective tissue

A

fewer cells, mostly fibroblasts, less ground substance, more collagen fibers

27
Q

dense regular CT

A

parallel fibers for strong unidirectional stress resistance, ex tendons and ligaments

28
Q

dense irregular CT

A

randomly oriented for stress resistance in many directions, ex dermis and organ capsules, less flexible but higher strength

29
Q

dense regular collagenous

A

strength of collagen is important, tendons, ligments

30
Q

dense regular collagenous

A

strength of collagen is important, tendons, ligaments

31
Q

dense regular elastic

A

elasticity is important, aorta, lung, vocal cords

32
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

nose, support tissue of the respiratory tract, ends of ribss

33
Q

elastic cartilage

A

external ear, epiglottis, larynx

34
Q

fibrocartilage

A

intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee

35
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

36
Q

type I collagen

A

dermis, tendons, ligaments, bone, dentin, sclera of the eye

37
Q

type II collagen

A

hyaline cartilage, vitreous body of the eye, nose, respiratory tract, ends of ribs, elastic cartilage, articular surfaces of bones

38
Q

type III collagen

A

reticular fibers, bone, basement membrane

39
Q

type IV collagen

A

basal lamina around smooth and skeletal muscle fibers

40
Q

elastic tissue

A

capable of stretching, lungs, skin, urinary bladder, lots of parallel bundles of elastic fibers, Verhoeff’s (Van Geisen) stain identifies elastic fibers as black against a yellow counterstain

41
Q

reticular tissue

A

lymphatic system: spleen, lymph nods, thymus, and bone marrow
type III collagen fibers, synthesized by fibroblasts as first step in wound repair
stained black with silver salts

42
Q

masson’s trichrome stain

A

muscle stains red, collagen stains blue

43
Q

oil red O

A

stains fat, can help identify abnormal fat deposits in disease

44
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

most abundant, smooth, nose, support tissue of the respiratory tract, ends of ribs, type 2 collagen only, has isogenous groups

45
Q

elastic cartilage

A

similar to hyaline, has isogenous groups, also has elastic fibers not found in hyaline, external ear, epiglottis, larynx

46
Q

fibrocartilage

A

made of chondrocytes and dense connective tissue, no perichondrium, difficult to see the lacunae, characteristics in-between hyaline and elastic that resist compression, intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee

47
Q

perichondrium

A

dense connective tissue forming the outer layer of hyaline cartilage

Histology Fall 2019 (31 decks)

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