Connective Tissue

Question 1

4 types of connective tissue

Answer 1

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood and blood forming

Question 2

connective tissue proper

Answer 2

subdivided into loose and dense, generalized connective tissue made up of cells, extracellular fibers, and extracellular ground substance

Question 3

cartilage

Answer 3

made of cells and ECM, chondroblasts produce matrix and have a basophilic cytoplasm, avascular

Question 4

bone

Answer 4

made of cells and ECM, osteoblasts and osteocytes produce matrix, matrix is mineralized by calcium phosphate, type I collagen

Question 5

blood and blood forming

Answer 5

mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages

Question 6

connective tissue

Answer 6

made up of support cells and their associated extracellular matrix, functions as an avenue for transport and communication (vascular and innervated)

Question 7

collagen fibers

Answer 7

flexibility with high tensile strength, secreted by fibroblasts, found in tendons and ligaments

Question 8

elastic fibers

Answer 8

stretchy, helps restore tissues to normal shape after stretching; found in the lungs, skin, diaphragm, urinary bladder, vocal cords, and blood vessels

Question 9

reticular fibers

Answer 9

wound repair, supporting framework in large organs such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and bone marrow

Question 10

fibroblasts

Answer 10

synthesize and secrete ground substance, very little cytoplasm and elongated nucleus, secrete the ECM components in most tissues, abundant golgi complexes

Question 11

mast cells

Answer 11

fillopodia to increase surface area, granular cytoplasm, trigger immune and inflammatory responses, typically located near blood vessels so response to secreted substances (histamines) is rapid

Question 12

plasma cells

Answer 12

mature B lymphocytes for antibody production located in the bloodstream, strong basophilic cytoplasm

Question 13

adipose

Answer 13

fat, storage of lipids for nutrients, thermoregulation (brown fat/multiocular adipocyte), source of fuel for metabolic processes, thin rim of cytoplasm with a flattened nucleus

Question 14

macrophages

Answer 14

engulf and digest bacteria and other particulate matter involved in the immune response, attracted to sites of inflammation, granular cytoplasm, come from bone marrow

Question 15

pericytes

Answer 15

wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body

Question 16

ground substance

Answer 16

a hydrated gel matrix made of water (for communication and transport by diffusion) stabilized by glycosaminoglycans GAC’s

Question 17

cells that make up connective tissue proper

Answer 17

fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, adipose cells, macrophages, pericytes

Question 18

function of fibrillar proteins

Answer 18

provide support and are one component of the ECM

Question 19

two types of dense tissue

Answer 19

dense collagenous and dense elastic

Question 20

mesenchymal cells and their function

Answer 20

primitive cells derived from the mesoderm, differentiates into various connective tissue cell types,
produces cytokines which influence the differentiation and aging of other cells

Question 21

how H&E stains active and inactive fibroblasts

Answer 21

active are weakly basophilic (purple) inactive are weakly acidophilic (pink)

Question 22

arrangement of adipose tissue

Answer 22

lobules surrounded by fibrous septa

Question 23

function of the basement membrane

Answer 23

anchor down the epithelium to its loose connective tissue underneath

Question 24

fibronectin

Answer 24

mediates adhesion between cells and ECM, binds collagen to ground substance (glycosaminoglycans)

Question 25

loose connective tissue

Answer 25

areolar, cushioning layer highly cellular, few fibers, extremely flexible, well vascularized, loose irregular fibers, abundant ground substance

Question 26

dense connective tissue

Answer 26

fewer cells, mostly fibroblasts, less ground substance, more collagen fibers

Question 27

dense regular CT

Answer 27

parallel fibers for strong unidirectional stress resistance, ex tendons and ligaments

Question 28

dense irregular CT

Answer 28

randomly oriented for stress resistance in many directions, ex dermis and organ capsules, less flexible but higher strength

Question 29

dense regular collagenous

Answer 29

strength of collagen is important, tendons, ligments

Question 30

dense regular collagenous

Answer 30

strength of collagen is important, tendons, ligaments

Question 31

dense regular elastic

Answer 31

elasticity is important, aorta, lung, vocal cords

Question 32

hyaline cartilage

Answer 32

nose, support tissue of the respiratory tract, ends of ribss

Question 33

elastic cartilage

Answer 33

external ear, epiglottis, larynx

Question 34

fibrocartilage

Answer 34

intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee

Question 35

3 types of cartilage

Answer 35

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

Question 36

type I collagen

Answer 36

dermis, tendons, ligaments, bone, dentin, sclera of the eye

Question 37

type II collagen

Answer 37

hyaline cartilage, vitreous body of the eye, nose, respiratory tract, ends of ribs, elastic cartilage, articular surfaces of bones

Question 38

type III collagen

Answer 38

reticular fibers, bone, basement membrane

Question 39

type IV collagen

Answer 39

basal lamina around smooth and skeletal muscle fibers

Question 40

elastic tissue

Answer 40

capable of stretching, lungs, skin, urinary bladder, lots of parallel bundles of elastic fibers, Verhoeff's (Van Geisen) stain identifies elastic fibers as black against a yellow counterstain

Question 41

reticular tissue

Answer 41

lymphatic system: spleen, lymph nods, thymus, and bone marrow type III collagen fibers, synthesized by fibroblasts as first step in wound repair stained black with silver salts

Question 42

masson's trichrome stain

Answer 42

muscle stains red, collagen stains blue

Question 43

oil red O

Answer 43

stains fat, can help identify abnormal fat deposits in disease

Question 44

hyaline cartilage

Answer 44

most abundant, smooth, nose, support tissue of the respiratory tract, ends of ribs, type 2 collagen only, has isogenous groups

Question 45

elastic cartilage

Answer 45

similar to hyaline, has isogenous groups, also has elastic fibers not found in hyaline, external ear, epiglottis, larynx

Question 46

fibrocartilage

Answer 46

made of chondrocytes and dense connective tissue, no perichondrium, difficult to see the lacunae, characteristics in-between hyaline and elastic that resist compression, intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee

Question 47

perichondrium

Answer 47

dense connective tissue forming the outer layer of hyaline cartilage