Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary or Urogenital System

Answer 1

Composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra and function in the excretory system. Is necessary for the excretion of salt and water and waste to maintain homeostasis. Relationship between reproductive system in males and cardiovascular system.

Question 2

Parts of the Urinary System I

Answer 2

The urinary system is composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Kidneys lie against the the dorsal body wall above the waist, superior to the lumbar region.

Question 3

Parts of the Urinary System II

Answer 3

Kidneys have two main regions or layers: the renal cortex and the renal medulla. Cortex is the outer later of the kidney where blood vessels are located. Cortex also produces Erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney where concentration of urine is regulated.

Question 4

Parts of the Urinary System III

Answer 4

Kidneys have a renal artery, which allows for oxygenated blood to enter the kidney, and renal veins, which allow filtered deoxygenated blood to leave the kidney. Kidneys manufacture urine, which travels through ureters to urinary bladder, where it’s stored until secreted through the urethra.

Question 5

Parts of the Urinary System VI

Answer 5

The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are parts of the excretory system. The ureters (one of each kidney) are small tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder, which hold the urine until elimination. Males, the urethra passes through the penis and also carries sperm. Females have much shorter urethra and are more prone to UTI’s than males.

Question 6

Functions of the Urinary System I

Answer 6

Urinary system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis to maintain balance and rid of wastes. Ex: Nitrogenous waste from protein digestion is toxic, must be removed or it will form amonia. Kidneys are major organ. Primarily responsible for filtering blood, creating urine, stabilizing water balance, maintaining blood pressure and producing active form of Vitamin D.

Question 7

Functions of the Urinary System II

Answer 7

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Nephrons are a system of microscopic tubes that use various pressure levels to remove wastes and reabsorb important molecules and water. Blood enters the kidney full of waste from metabolism. It enters a nephron capillary connected to the renal artery. Then flows to Glomerulus, a small dense group of capillaries in the nephron. Here material is filtered from the blood. This material is called the “filtrate” and includes water, urea, glucose, salts and other molecules. Filtrate moves to proximal tubule. Water and other substances are reabsored through capillaries back into the blood.

Question 8

Functions of the Urinary System III

Answer 8

What remains in the tubule, urine, is emptied into a cavity in the kidney and drains from there to the ureter. Then stored in urinary bladder. Urinary bladder is a muscular organ that is hollow and holds 400 to 800 ml of liquid. Sensors communicate with the CNS. For excretion internal and external sphincters of bladder must relax. From the bladder urine is released through the urethra. Released urine is a waste product composed of 95% water with urea salts and excess organic molecules.

Question 9

Relationship between Urinary System and Cardiovascular System

Answer 9

Kidneys play a vital role in maintaining blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood. Secreted hormones of the kidneys constrict or dilate blood vessels, causing increase or decrease in blood pressure. Kidneys also control the production of red blood cells. Cardiovascular system pumps blood into the kidneys through the renal artery. Pressure of the blood helps the glomerulus filter out wastes and return vital nutrients through the renal vein to the blood. Kidneys also produce Renin, a hormone that regulates blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt.

Question 10

Urinary Bladder

Answer 10

The structure that stores urine in the body until elimination

Question 11

Kidneys

Answer 11

The pair of organs that regulate the fluid balance and filter waste from the blood.

Question 12

Renal Cortex

Answer 12

The outer layer of the kidney

Question 13

Renal Medulla

Answer 13

The inner most part of the kidney.

Question 14

Urine

Answer 14

Liquid waste excreted by the kidneys. Composed of 95 % water, with urea, salts, organic molecules, and nitrogenous waste from protein digestion.

Question 15

Renal Arteries

Answer 15

The two branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys.

Question 16

Nephron

Answer 16

A system of microscopic tubes in the kidneys that use various pressure levels to remove wastes and reabsorb important molecules and water. Also is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Question 17

Glomerulus

Answer 17

A network of capillaries from which blood pressure pushes water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea from the blood.

Question 18

Filtrate

Answer 18

Materials, including water that leave the blood through the walls of the glomerular capillaries to enter the Bowman’s capsule

Question 19

Proximal Tubule

Answer 19

The first location where glucose and other useful solutes are reabsorbed back into the blood through the walls of surrounding capillaries. It connects the Bowman’s Capsule to the Loop of Henle.

Question 20

Ureter

Answer 20

The duct that delivers urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Question 21

Renal Vein

Answer 21

A vein carrying blood from a kidney to the inferior vena cava.

Question 21

Organic molecule

Answer 21

A molecule found in a living thing that contains carbon.

Question 22

Renin

Answer 22

An enzyme released by the kidney when reduced blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors in aorta and cartoid arteries.