Digestive System 1

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal. Mechanical digestion begins here. Chemical digestion begins with enzyme amalyase and Lipase ( breaks down starch and lipids).

Question 2

Anus

Answer 2

The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled.

Question 3

Gland

Answer 3

an organ that secretes a substance. perform mechanical and chemical digestion.

Question 4

enzymatic digestion

Answer 4

The breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption.

Question 5

smooth muscle

Answer 5

Muscles that can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines. Involved in mechanical digestion and movement of food through the digestive system.

Question 6

nervous system

Answer 6

maintains homeostasis controls and affects every part of the body. Parasympathetic nervous system controls movement of food through the digestive system.

Question 7

stomach

Answer 7

the organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which major portion of digestion exists. Blood vessels along stomach absorb nutrients. Mechanically broken down food is chyme. Hydrochloric Acid, mucus, pepsinogen (converts to pepsin to chemically breakdown proteins).

Question 8

Large intestine

Answer 8

Comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal, it is where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination. Digestive material moves through cecum into large intestine and colon. Large intestine absorbs salt. Bacteria fermentation happens in the colon. Vitamin K absorbed in large intestine. Waste ejected through anus.

Question 9

rectum

Answer 9

the last section of the large intestine ending with the anus.

Question 10

enzyme

Answer 10

A substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. Catalyst speeds up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, in cells, most enzymes are proteins.

Question 11

Saliva

Answer 11

clear liquid found in the mouth, also known as spit.

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

Fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water

Question 13

Lipase

Answer 13

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat

Question 14

Bolus

Answer 14

A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed. Goes through the pharynx, while epiglottis closes trachea opening , passes into esophagus.

Question 15

Peristalsis

Answer 15

Contraction of muscle , moves bolus through gastric sphincter to stomach

Question 16

Chyme

Answer 16

semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine.

Question 17

Pepsin

Answer 17

A stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins

Question 18

Small intestine

Answer 18

The part of the GI tract between the stomach and the large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum, where digestion and absorption of food occurs. Chyme is pushed here. Duodenum chyme is neutralized by bicarbonate from the pancreatic secretions. Receives alkaline bile juices from gallbladder, which neutralizes acidic chyme. Produces high number of brushborder enzymes (Protease, lactase, disacharides) and bicarbonate. Ileum absorb water hydrophillic nutrients into blood, lipids into lacteals, and vitamin B 12.

Question 19

hydrophillic

Answer 19

water loving

Question 20

Liver

Answer 20

The organ that produces bile and, regulates glycogen storage and performs other bodily functions. Blood carrying nutrients passes from small intestine to liver through hepatic portal duct, allowing enzymes to deaminate(remove amino group) amino acids, convert amonia to urea, metabolize toxins, store glucose into glycogen.

Question 21

Amino acids are

Answer 21

monomers that make up proteins

Question 22

Salt

Answer 22

A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation. NACL

Question 23

Bacteria

Answer 23

Unicellular organisms that are capable of causing disease.

Question 24

Insulin

Answer 24

A hormone includes cellular uptake of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels

Question 25

Glucagon

Answer 25

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates its target cells in the liver to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood. Breakdown of stored glycogen.

Question 26

nerve

Answer 26

a long bundle of neuronal axons that transmits signals to and from the central nervous system. Nerve function modulate digestive action.

Question 27

Duodenum

Answer 27

First part of small intestine. Chyme is neutralized by bicarbonate from secretions. Receives alkaline bile from gallbladder, which helps neutralize acidic chyme. produces enzymes like lactase and proteases.

Question 28

ileum

Answer 28

microvilli absorb water soluble digested nurtrients into blood, lipids into lacteals, chylomicrons, and vitamin B12.

Question 29

Enzymes

Answer 29

Proteins that catalyze and speed up the breakdown of food so nutrients are available for the body. Involved in chemical digestion.