Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TEAS Reading Flashcards > Science Key Terms 3 > Flashcards

Science Key Terms 3 Flashcards

1
Q

mole

A

A unit of a substance that is equal to exactly 6.02214076 x 10^23 particles of that substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

molecule

A

An arrangement of two or more atoms bonded together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

monohybrid cross

A

A cross between parents heterozygous at one specific gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

monomers

A

Molecules that can bond to similar or identical molecules to form a polymer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mouth

A

The oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

muscle

A

Fibrous tissue that produces force and motion to move the body or produce movement in parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

muscular system

A

An integrated system in the body that is vital for controlling involuntary and voluntary movement .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mutation

A

A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that may arise during replication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

negative feedback

A

A mechanism that includes the monitoring for specific homeostatic levels and a signal to a gland. This signal stimulates or inhibits the gland’s secretion in order to maintain homeostasis or cause compensations that returns the level to homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nephron

A

A system of microscopic tubes in the kidneys that use various pressure levels to remove wastes and reabsorb important molecules and water. Expells urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nerve

A

A long bundle of neuronal axons that transmits signals to and from the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nervous system

A

A complex system that controls and affects every part of the body in daily life functions and in the constant drive to maintain homeostasis Neuron Cell of the nervous system that conducts the electrical nerve impulse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

neutralization reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which mixing an acid with a base causes H+ from the acid to combine with the OH- from the base, forming water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neutron

A

An atomic particle with no electric charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

non-Mendelian Inheritance

A

Inheritance of traits that do not follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

noncovalent bond

A

A relatively weak bond, like a hydrogen bond or an ionic bond; in macromolecules, many noncovalent bonds work together to give the macromolecule its functional three-dimensional shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

noninfectious diseases

A

Diseases that cannot be transmitted directly from one person to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nonmetal

A

Any element or substance that is not a metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nucleic acids

A

Long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nucleotides

A

The monomers used to build DNA and RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nucleus

A

A large organelle within a cell that houses the chromosomes and regulates the activities of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nucleus (atom)

A

The central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

orbital

A

An area around the nucleus where an electron can be found.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

organ

A

A structure formed from various tissues that performs a specific function in an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

organ systems

A

Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular, nervous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

organelle

A

A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function and is found in the cell’s cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

organic molecule

A

A molecule found in a living thing that contains carbon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

osmosis

A

A specific type of diffusion in which water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

osteoblasts

A

a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation. Form new bones and grow and heal existing ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

osteoclasts

A

cells that remove bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Osteocytes

A

Osteocytes are star shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stress. a cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bone disease. a genetic disorder that causes bones to become weak and fragile, making them prone to fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

osteons

A

Tubular structures that make up compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

osteoporosis

A

A disease that causes brittle, fragile bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ova (eggs)

A

Female gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ovaries

A

The female gonads. Organs in which eggs are produced for reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

oxytocin

A

A hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. One of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during child birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

pancreas

A

The gland of the digestive and endocrine systems that produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

parasites

A

Microbes that are not free-living and must find a host from which to gain nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

parathyroid

A

An endocrine gland in the neck that produces parathyroid hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

passive immunity

A

Temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source, premade antibodies. Ex: Placenta and breast milk offer protection against infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

passive transport

A

Movement across a cell membrane that does not require energy input.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

pathogen

A

An infectious agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

pepsin

A

A stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

peptide bond

A

The link between amino acids in a protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

penis

A

Organ for elimination of urine and sperm from the male body.

48
Q

perfusion

A

The passage of the fluid to an organ or a tissue.Perfusion is the process of bodily fluids, like blood, passing through the circulatory or lymphatic system to a tissue or organ

49
Q

period

A

One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic table.

50
Q

periodic table

A

The table of elements expressed as columns and rows.

51
Q

periosteum

A

A thin layer that surrounds the bone and is the surface for attachment of tendons and ligaments.

52
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that consists of all the nerves and ganglia that branch out from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, allowing signals sent by the brain to reach their target destinations.

53
Q

peristalsis

A

A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

54
Q

pH

A

A logarithmic scale based on the amount or concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, calculated pH= -log[H+] and used to express acidity or basicity.

55
Q

phagocytosis

A

Ingestion of particles by a cell or phagocyte, engulfing and destroying foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses, and dead cells

56
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment.

57
Q

phosphate group

A

A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms. PO34-

58
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

A covalent bond that links two nucelotides together in a nucleic acid molecule.

59
Q

pineal gland

A

A small gland near the center of the brain that secretes melatonin.

60
Q

pituitary gland

A

The endocrine gland at the base of the brain that controls growth and development.

61
Q

placebo

A

A substance with no medicinal effect that can be used as a control in an experiment.

62
Q

pleura

A

A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.

63
Q

polymer

A

A substance composed of similar units bonded together. a large molecule made up of many smaller units called monomers that are chemically bonded together. The word “polymer” comes from the Greek words poly- meaning “many” and -mer meaning “part” or “unit”.

64
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrate polymers made of many sugar molecules.

65
Q

positive feedback

A

A mechanism that stimulates glandular secretions to continue to increase, temporarily pushing levels further out of homeostasis, until a particular biological effect is reached (e.g. expulsion of the fetus during childbirth).

66
Q

prime mover

A

The contracting muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement; also called the agonist.

67
Q

products

A

In a chemical equation, the substances on the right side of the equation; the substances that are formed in a chemical reaction.

68
Q

prophase

A

The stage in mitosis in which chromosomes condense in preparation for being pulled apart.

69
Q

prophase I

A

The stage of meiosis I in which chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs.

70
Q

prophase II

A

The stage in meiosis II in which chromosomes in the haploid daughter cells condense.

71
Q

prostate

A

The gland in males that controls the release of urine and secretes a portion of semen that enhances motility and fertility of sperm.

72
Q

proteins

A

Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

73
Q

proton

A

A positively charged atomic particle

74
Q

protozoans/protists

A

Unicellular aerobic eukaryotes. They are the largest group of organisms in the world in terms of numbers, biomass, and diversity.

75
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q
A
78
Q
A
79
Q
A
80
Q
A
81
Q
A
82
Q
A
83
Q
A
84
Q
A
85
Q
A
86
Q
A
87
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q
A
90
Q
A
91
Q
A
92
Q
A
93
Q
A
94
Q
A
95
Q
A
96
Q
A
97
Q
A
98
Q
A
99
Q
A
100
Q
A
101
Q
A
102
Q
A
103
Q
A
104
Q
A
105
Q
A
106
Q
A
107
Q
A
108
Q
A
109
Q
A
110
Q
A
111
Q
A
112
Q
A
113
Q
A
114
Q
A
115
Q
A

TEAS Reading Flashcards (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions