Science Key Terms 4

Question 1

steroid hormones

Answer 1

Hormones made from cholesterol.

Question 2

stomach

Answer 2

The organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which the major portion of digestion occurs.

Question 3

subcutaneous

Answer 3

Under the dermis

Question 4

supersaturated solution

Answer 4

A solution that has been raised to a higher temperature in order to dissolve more solute than would be possible at room temperature.

Question 5

sugars

Answer 5

The monomers used to build polysaccharides; also molecules made of two or a few monosaccharide units that are used for fuel in the body.

Question 5

sublimination

Answer 5

The transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state. Dry Ice

Question 6

surfactant

Answer 6

A lipoprotein secreted by alveoli and found in the lungs facilitates breathing by reducing surface tension.

Question 7

synapse

Answer 7

The structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Question 8

sweat

Answer 8

Perspiration excreted by the sweat glands through the skin.

Question 9

systole

Answer 9

The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood.

Question 10

T cells

Answer 10

White blood cells that mature in the thymus and participate in an immune response.

Question 11

Target site

Answer 11

A particular cell type or organ on which a specific hormone can have an effect.

Question 12

telophase

Answer 12

The stage of mitosis in which two nuclei form and the daughter cells separate.

Question 13

telophase I

Answer 13

The stage in meiosis I in which nuclear membranes form as the cell seperates into two haploid daughter cells with chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids.

Question 14

telophase II

Answer 14

The stage in meiosis II in which nuclear membranes form as the two daughter cells from meiosis I seperate into four haploid daughter cells with chromosomes consisting of a single chromatid.

Question 15

template strand

Answer 15

A sequence of bases on a strand of DNA that is used to form a complementary mRNA molecule.

Question 16

tendons

Answer 16

Tough connective tissue that attaches mucle to bone.

Question 17

testes(testicles)

Answer 17

The male gonads. The organs that produce sperm

Question 18

testosterone

Answer 18

The hormone that stimulates male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 19

thymus

Answer 19

The lymphoid organ that produces T-cells.

Question 20

thyroid gland

Answer 20

The gland in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate.

Question 21

tidal volume

Answer 21

The amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation.

Question 22

tissue

Answer 22

A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs

Question 23

trachea

Answer 23

The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs.

Question 24

transcription

Answer 24

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. Happens in the nucleus and transcripts move to ribosome to deliver their protein assembly instructions.

Question 25

translation

Answer 25

Protein synthesis that takes place after mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome.

Question 25

trypsin

Answer 25

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down protein

Question 26

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 26

Movement of useful material from filtrate back into the bloodstream.

Question 27

usaturated solution

Answer 27

A solution containing less than the maximum possible amount of solute.

Question 28

urea

Answer 28

The main nitrogenous part of urine

Question 29

ureter

Answer 29

The duct that delivers urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 29

urethra

Answer 29

The duct that delivers urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 30

urinary bladder

Answer 30

The structure that stores urine in the body until elimination

Question 31

urinary system

Answer 31

Is composed of the kidneys, urethers, urinary bladder, and urethra and function in the excretory process

Question 32

urine

Answer 32

Liquid waste excreted by the kidneys.

Question 33

uterus

Answer 33

The womb

Question 33

vaccination

Answer 33

The process of introducing weakened or killed antigens to a body in order to elicit an immune response.

Question 33

vaccine

Answer 33

A solution of dead or weakened pathogen introduced to the body for the purpose of stimulating antibody production for that pathogen.

Question 34

vacuole

Answer 34

A cell organelle that serves as storage for a variety of substances, including water, toxins, and carbohydrates.

Question 35

vagina

Answer 35

The canal that connects the external genitals to the cervix in the female

Question 36

valence electron

Answer 36

An electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms

Question 37

variables

Answer 37

The conditions in an experiment that may be changed or manipulated

Question 38

vas deferens

Answer 38

The duct in which sperm moves form testicle to the urethra.

Question 39

veins

Answer 39

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart from other body parts

Question 40

ventilation

Answer 40

The exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Question 41

virus

Answer 41

A noncellular entity that consists of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 42

viscera

Answer 42

The internal organs in the main cavities of the body.The soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.

Question 43

Vitamin D

Answer 43

A vitamin made by the skin that helps the intestine absorb dietary calcium.

Question 44

Volkmann Canal

Answer 44

Channels in bone that transmit blood vessels and communicate with Haversian canals. Also called perforating canals

Question 45

volume

Answer 45

The amount of space something takes up

Question 46

volumetric pipette

Answer 46

A device used for precise measurement of small amounts of liquid volume

Question 47

voluntary

Answer 47

with intentional control

Question 48

zygote

Answer 48

Fertilized egg with full set of genetic material resulting from merging of egg and sperm nuclei.