Science Key Terms 4 Flashcards
steroid hormones
Hormones made from cholesterol.
stomach
The organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which the major portion of digestion occurs.
subcutaneous
Under the dermis
supersaturated solution
A solution that has been raised to a higher temperature in order to dissolve more solute than would be possible at room temperature.
sugars
The monomers used to build polysaccharides; also molecules made of two or a few monosaccharide units that are used for fuel in the body.
sublimination
The transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state. Dry Ice
surfactant
A lipoprotein secreted by alveoli and found in the lungs facilitates breathing by reducing surface tension.
synapse
The structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
sweat
Perspiration excreted by the sweat glands through the skin.
systole
The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood.
T cells
White blood cells that mature in the thymus and participate in an immune response.
Target site
A particular cell type or organ on which a specific hormone can have an effect.
telophase
The stage of mitosis in which two nuclei form and the daughter cells separate.
telophase I
The stage in meiosis I in which nuclear membranes form as the cell seperates into two haploid daughter cells with chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids.
telophase II
The stage in meiosis II in which nuclear membranes form as the two daughter cells from meiosis I seperate into four haploid daughter cells with chromosomes consisting of a single chromatid.
template strand
A sequence of bases on a strand of DNA that is used to form a complementary mRNA molecule.
tendons
Tough connective tissue that attaches mucle to bone.
testes(testicles)
The male gonads. The organs that produce sperm
testosterone
The hormone that stimulates male secondary sexual characteristics.
thymus
The lymphoid organ that produces T-cells.
thyroid gland
The gland in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate.
tidal volume
The amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation.
tissue
A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs
trachea
The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs.
transcription
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
translation
Protein synthesis that takes place after mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome.
trypsin
Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down protein
Tubular reabsorption
Movement of useful material from filtrate back into the bloodstream.
usaturated solution
A solution containing less than the maximum possible amount of solute.
urea
The main nitrogenous part of urine
ureter
The duct that delivers urine from the kidney to the bladder
urethra
The duct that delivers urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urinary bladder
The structure that stores urine in the body until elimination
urinary system
Is composed of the kidneys, urethers, urinary bladder, and urethra and function in the excretory process
urine
Liquid waste excreted by the kidneys.
uterus
The womb
vaccination
The process of introducing weakened or killed antigens to a body in order to elicit an immune response.
vaccine
A solution of dead or weakened pathogen introduced to the body for the purpose of stimulating antibody production for that pathogen.
vacuole
A cell organelle that serves as storage for a variety of substances, including water, toxins, and carbohydrates.
vagina
The canal that connects the external genitals to the cervix in the female
valence electron
An electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms
variables
The conditions in an experiment that may be changed or manipulated
vas deferens
The duct in which sperm moves form testicle to the urethra.
veins
Vessels that carry blood toward the heart from other body parts
ventilation
The exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs.
virus
A noncellular entity that consists of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
viscera
The internal organs in the main cavities of the body.The soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.
Vitamin D
A vitamin made by the skin that helps the intestine absorb dietary calcium.
Volkmann Canal
Channels in bone that transmit blood vessels and communicate with Haversian canals. Also called perforating canals
volume
The amount of space something takes up
volumetric pipette
A device used for precise measurement of small amounts of liquid volume
voluntary
with intentional control
zygote
Fertilized egg with full set of genetic material resulting from merging of egg and sperm nuclei.
