Urinary system Flashcards
Pertaining to the secretion or storage of urine
Urinary
Composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
-Function is to filter waste from the blood stream
Urinary system
A membranous sac or receptacle for a secretion or excretion
Bladder
The outer layer of an organ as distinguished from the inner medulla.
-As in the adrenal gland, kidney, or cerebrum
Cortex
The inner or central portion of an organ.
-in contrast to the outer portion (cortex)
Medulla
Organ responsible for cleansing the blood of waste product.
-Form urine and eliminate waste from the blood
-Balance substances entering and exiting the blood
-Regulate certain chemicals in the blood
-Regulate blood pressure
Kidneys
Where are the kidneys located?
-Against the posterior of the body, on either side of the spine
-Kidneys are retroperitoneal (between the peritoneum and back wall)
-Right and left quadrants respectfully
-Right kidney sits slightly lower than the left to account for the liver
The medial indentation in each kidney
external antomy
The hilium
Enters the kidney through the hilium
external anatomy
The renal artery
Exit the kidney through the hilium
external anatomy
Renal vein and ureter
Outer layer of each kidney
internal anatomy
Renal cortex
Inner portion of each kidney
inner anatomy
Renal medulla
Expansion of the upper end of the ureter
internal anatomy
Renal pelvis
calyces lead into the renal pelvis
Enters at the hilium and splits off into many arterioles and capillaries
internal anatomy
Renal artery
Microscopic functional unit of the kidney.
-Function in filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
-Split into two components: renal corpuscle and renal tubule
Nephrons
Responsible mainly for filtration of the blood
Nephron
Renal corpuscle
Components of renal corpuscle:
1. Structure that holds the glomerulus
2. Web of capillaries that are responsible for filtering blood
- Bowman’s capsule (glomerular capsule)
- Glomerulus
Responsible for reabsorption and secretion
*region of nephron
Renal tubule
Components of renal tubule:
1. Collects fluid from the glomerulus
2.
3. Empties into a collecting duct
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
-Exit the kidney at the hilum
-Enter the bladder at an angle
-Lined bu a mucous membrane
-Mucous membrane is continuous to the bladder
-Smooth muscle lines the inner wall
-Peristalsis moves urine through the ureters
Ureters
Storage receptacle for urine.
-Inner layer lined by mucous membrane
-Outer layer made up of muscle
-Elastic fibers allow for bladder to expand or contract
-Inner layer lies in rugae when empty
Urinary bladder
Passageway for the elimination of urine.
-Lowest and last part of the urinary tract
-Urine exits through the urinary meatus
-Urinary sphincter is made of skeletal muscle
-Mucous membrane lining is continuous with ureters
-About 5x longer in men
Urethra
What is the process of urine production and flow?
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
- Blood is forced into the glomerulus because of pressure in the capillaries
- Filtration takes place in the capillaries of the glomerulus
- Filtered fluid, or filtrate, then enters the renal tubule:
-Filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule first then makes its way through the loop of
Henle and finally to the distal convoluted tubule
-Distal convoluted tubule empties into a collecting duct – at this point, “filtrate” becomes “urine” - Urine makes its way from the DCT to the calyces of the kidneys
- Calyces empty into the renal pelvis
- Urine exits the kidneys through the ureters
- Urine travels through the ureters via peristalsis
- Urine enters and is stored in the bladder
- Signals from stretch receptors in the bladder send an alert to the brain that the bladder is full
- Urine exits through the urethral sphincter and then through the urinary meatus
