Blood components

Question 1

The study of blood

Answer 1

Hematology

Question 2

Number signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Answer 2

pH (potential of hydrogen)

Question 3

Resistance to flow of a liquid, as in blood

Answer 3

Viscosity

Question 4

-Transportation of O2, nutrients, and hormones
-Transportation of waste
-Temp regulation
-Control of pH
-Control of H2O balance
-Defense against infection
-Blood clotting

Answer 4

Functions of blood

Question 5

-Blood is a type of connective tissue
-Blood is viscous (has thicker consistency)
-pH slightly basic 7.35 - 7.45
-Blood temp is normally 98.6F
-Components: plasma and formed elements
-55% plasma and 45% blood cells

Answer 5

Basics of blood

Question 6

Liquid portion of blood containing the non-cellular components functioning in transporting substances around the body
-91% H2O
-Other components include proteins, waste products, nutrients, electrolytes, immunoglobulins, and H2O
-Responsible for transporting CO2

Answer 6

Plasma

Question 7

Blood plasma, excluding clotting factors; the watery, amber-colored portion of the blood after coagulation occurs
-Essentially plasma without fibrinogen

Answer 7

Serum

Question 8

A protein found in blood plasma
-Functions mostly in transporting substances

Answer 8

Albumin

Question 9

Functions in blood clotting and immunity

Answer 9

Globulin

Question 10

Functions in blood clotting

Answer 10

Fibrinogen and Prothrombin

Question 11

Red blood cells functioning mainly in transporting O2
-Tough but flexible and able to easily change shape
-Plasma membrane allows for flexibility and holds structures
-Biconcave
-No nucleus
-Red pigment is hemoglobin
-Hemoglobin functions in binding with O2

Answer 11

Erythrocytes

Question 12

White blood cells functioning in immune response
-several types
-contain a nucleus
-do no contain hemoglobin
-able to leave the bloodstream and move into the body
-classifications include Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Answer 12

Leukocytes

Question 13

Leukocytes responsible for attacking foreign invaders in the body.
-Subcategories: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Answer 13

Granulocytes

Question 14

Leukocytes functioning mainly in phagocytosis and acute inflammatory response
-Able to recognize foreign antigens on bacteria and fungi
-Will then proceed to phagocytize these invaders
-Quickest and most numerous leukocyte to respond to a foreign invader

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

Leukocytes functioning in defense against parasitic invaders, chronic inflammation, and allergic responses.
-Phagocytize parasitic invaders
-Also function in response to cancer cells

Answer 15

Eosinophils

Question 16

Function as “alarm cells”
-Histamine: allergic reactions
-Heparin: inhibits blood clotting
-Platelet: activating factors

Answer 16

Basophils

Question 17

Leukocytes that recognize and react to antigens.
-Subcategories: Lymphocytes and monocytes

Answer 17

Agranulocytes

Question 18

Leukocytes functioning in acquired (specific) immune response
-B cells produce antibodies
-T cells activate immune response

Answer 18

Lymphocytes

Question 19

Leukocytes that function in phagocytizing invaders
-Response to infections and inflammation
-Macrophages are subtype that function directly in the removal and breakdown of foreign substances

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

Cell fragments that function in blood clotting
-Contain chemicals that trigger blood clot formation
-Do no contain an nucleus
-React with fibrin to form blood blots at the site of injury
-Shaped like red blood cells when not active
-Dendritic shape when active

Answer 20

Thrombocytes

Question 21

Blood clotting
-Begins with an injury to blood vessel
-Steps include primary and secondary

Answer 21

Hemostasis

Question 22

The formation of a weak plug.
-Vasoconstriction occurs
-Platelets attach to the injury site and to each other
-Platelets begin to adhere and secrete cytoplasmic granules

Answer 22

Primary hemostasis

Question 23

Allows for the plug formed to be stabilized and strengthened.
-Clotting factors activate
-Calcium is a necessity: activates platelets, activates several coagulation factors, links fibrin clots
-Prothrombin is dependent on vitaminK

Answer 23

Secondary hemostasis

Question 24

What is the process of clotting in secondary hemostasis?

Answer 24

-Thromboplastin (enzyme) converts (activates) prothrombin (protein) to thrombin (enzyme)
-Thrombin activates the platelets that created a weak plug
3. Fibrinogen (protein) is converted (activated) by thrombin (enzyme) to fibrin (protein)
4. Thrombin and fibrin work together to stabilize the blood clot