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Anatomy > Axial skeleton > Flashcards

Axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton and what are the main groupings?

A

80 bones. Skull, Spine, chest, and hyoid

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2
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22 + 6 ear ossicles.

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3
Q

How many bones are there in each region of the skull

A

-8 cranial bones
-14 facial bones

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4
Q

-Top part of the skull
-Cavity that holds the eyes and their appendages

A

-Calvaria
-Orbit

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5
Q

What are the cranial bones and how many are there of each?

A

-Frontal bone (1)
-Parietal bones (2)
-Occipital bone (1)
-Temporal bones (2)
-Sphenoid bone (1)
-Ethmoid bone (1)

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6
Q

Forehead bone, forms the upper part of the eye socket

A

Frontal bone

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7
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Superior boundary of the orbit
2. ridge superior to the eye socket
3. slight depression the joins the brow ridge
4. rounded elevation on the frontal bone
5. sinus within the frontal bone

A

Features of the frontal bone.
1. Supraorbital margin
2. Superciliary arch
3. Glabella
4. Frontal eminence
5. Frontal sinus

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8
Q

Form the top sides of the cranium

A

Parietal bones

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9
Q
  1. Slight eminence in the center of each parietal bone
A

Feature of the parietal bone.
1. Parietal eminence

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10
Q

Forms the back of the skull

A

Occipital bone

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11
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Rounded knobs that form a joint with the first cervical vertebrae
2. Opening where the spinal chord enters the cranium
3. Bony prominence in the middle of the occipital bone where the posterior wall meets the base of the skull

A

Features of the occipital bone.
1. Occipital condyles
2. Foramen magnum
3. External occipital protuberance

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12
Q

Inferior and lateral portion of the cranium

A

Temporal bones

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13
Q

What are these the divisions of and where?
1. Squamous portion
2. Petrous portion (what does this house?)

A

Temporal divisions.
1. Anterior/ superior
2. Posterior/ inferior. Houses the inner eat components and the Carotid canal

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14
Q

The passageway in the temporal bone which the inner carotid artery passes

A

Carotid canal

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15
Q

What are these and how many?
1. Hammer shaped bones
2. Anvil shaped bones
3. Stirrup shaped bones

A

Inner ear ossicles
1. Malleus (2)
2. Incus (2)
3. Stapes (2)

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16
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Projection at the base of the temporal bone
2. The depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits
3. the lateral, outer opening of the ear or auditory canal
4. process projecting from the lower squamous portion articulating with the temporal process on the zygomatic bone forming the zygomatic arch

A

Features of the temporal bones.
1. Mastoid process
2. Mandibular fossa
3. External auditory meatus
4. Zygomatic process

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17
Q

Forms the central part of the cranial floor

A

Sphenoid bone

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18
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Depression in the floor of the sphenoid bone (contains the pituitary gland)
2. Sinuses within the sphenoid bone

A

Features of the sphenoid bone
1. Sella turcica
2. Sphenoidal sinuses

19
Q

Anterior skull bone that forms parts of the cranial floor, nasal septum, and parts of the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid bone

20
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Forms the roof of the nasal cavity
2. Anterior triangular wedge projecting superiorly into the cranial cavity
3. Flat plate extending from under the cribriform plate
4. Sinuses within the ethmoid bone

A

Features of the ethmoid bone.
1. Cribriform plate
2. Crista galli
3. Perpendicular plate
4. Ethmoid sinuses

21
Q

What are the facial bones and how many are there of each?

A

-Nasal bones (2)
-Lacrimal bones (2)
-Zygomatic bones (2)
-Palatine bones (2)
-Maxillary bones (2)
-Vomer (1)
-Inferior nasal conchae (2)
-Mandible (1)

22
Q

Form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal bone

23
Q

Inner-cranial bone that forms the medial wall of the eye socket

A

Lacrimal bones

24
Q

Cheek bones

A

Zygomatic bones

25
Q

What is this and where is it found?
1. Projection that articulates with temporal bone at the zygomatic process forming the zygomatic arch

A

Feature of the zygomatic bones.
1. Temporal process

26
Q

Form the posterior roof of the mouth and part of the nasal cavity and eye orbit

A

Palatine bones

27
Q

-upper jawbone forming part of the roof of the mouth, the floor and side walls of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbit
-Nasal spine ofc the ___ marks the base of the nose
-Frontal process of the ___ forms the lateral boundary of the nose

A

Maxillary bones

28
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Bony blade-like process on the nasal surface of the maxilla that connect with the palatine bone
2. Thick ridges of bone that contain the tooth sockets
3. Sinuses within the maxillary bones

A

Features of the Maxillary bones.
1. Palatine process
2. Alveolar process
3. Maxillary sinuses

29
Q

Ridges in the wall of the nasal cavity

A

Inferior nasal conchae

30
Q

Forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

31
Q

Lower jawbone

A

Mandible

32
Q

What are these and where are they found?
1. Where the left and right side of the mandible meet
2. Thick ridges of bone that contain the tooth sockets

A

Features of the mandible.
1. Mental eminence
2. Alveolar process

33
Q

What are these the divisions of?
-Ramus (vertical process)(coronoid process is an attachment point for masseter and temporalis muscles: Mandibular condyle articulates with the temporal bone)
-Angle
-body

A

Mandible

34
Q

What is the bone and how many are there?
-U-shaped bone in the neck
-Anchor for the tongue
-Unarticulated

A

Hyoid bone (1)

35
Q

What are the bones of the vertebral column and how many are there?

A

Vertebral column (26)
-Cervical vertebrae (7)
-Thoracic vertebrae (8)
-Lumbar vertebrae (5)
-Sacrum (1)
-Coccyx(1)

36
Q

-Most superior 7 vertebrae
-C1-C7
-C1 = Atlas
-C2 = Axis

A

Cervical vertebrae

37
Q

-12 bones between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae
-T1-T12

A

Thoracic vertebrae

38
Q

-Most inferior vertebrae
-Connect to the sacrum
-L1-L5

A

Lumbar vertebrae

39
Q

Bone of the lower vertebral column between L5 and the coccyx

A

Sacrum

40
Q

Last bone of the vertebral column

A

Coccyx

41
Q

What is the bone and how many are there?
Breastbone
-Manubrium
-Body
-Xiphoid process

A

Sternum
-Superior portion
-Main portion
-Small, inferior portion that points downward

42
Q

What are the bones in the ribs and how many are there?

A

Ribs (24 / 12 pairs)
-True ribs (14 / 7 pairs)
-False ribs (10 / 5 pairs)

43
Q

What are these?
-14 bones, 7 pairs
-Connect to the spine posteriorly
-Connect directly to the sternum anteriorly

A

True ribs

44
Q

What are these?
-10 bones, 5 pairs
-Ribs 8-10 connect to the spine posteriorly and the costal cartilage anteriorly
-Ribs 11-12 are “floating ribs” that connect to the spine posteriorly and have no attachment anteriorly

A

False ribs

Anatomy (24 decks)

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