Respiratory system Flashcards
Referring to the organ system that carries out gas exchange.
Ex. Inhalation and exhalation
Respiratory
Well defined part of an organ separated by boundaries
Lobes
A wall dividing two cavities
Septum
-Gas exchange between O2 and CO2
-Oxygenation of the cells of the body
-Filtration, warming and humidifying of air breathed in
-Some respiratory organs also function in speech and smell
Functions of the respiratory system
The exchange of CO2 and O2 on a microscopic level
Internal respiration
The process of breathing (inhalation + exhalation)
External respiration
The structures located within the nose within the second “third” of the face on the anterior aspect
Nasal cavities
The partition that divides the nasal cavities.
-Begins the process of respiration
-Floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the hard palate
-Nasal bones form the anterior superior part of the cavity
-Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior posterior portion
Nasal septum
Openings of the nose, as in the nostrils (anterior nares), and/or posterior nares
-Anterior are the nostrils
-Posterior open into the nasopharynx
Nares
Ridges in the walls of the nasal cavity.
-Contained in the lateral walls
-Three in total: superior, middle, inferior
-Function is to increase surface area which helps to humidify and warm air
Conchae
A paranasal cavity within a bone.
-Frontal
-Maxillary
-Sphenoid
-Ethmoid
Sinus
A muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx
-Also functions in digestive system
-Divided into three portions
Pharynx
Superior portion of the pharynx located behind the nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Middle portion of the pharynx located behind the mouth
Oropharynx
Inferior portion of the pharynx continuing into the larynx anteriorly
Laryngopharynx
A hollow, fibro-muscular and cartilaginous structure connecting to the pharynx to the trachea.
-Anterior to the esophagus
-Lined with epithelial tissue that is slightly different above and below the vocal cords
-Thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of the ___ and sits below the hyoid bone
Larynx
The Larynx contains the ___ ___, which are fibrous bands that function in voice and sound production.
-Epiglottis and Glottis
Vocal cords
The structure that closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract
Epiglottis
The space between the vocal cords
Glottis
Fibrocartilaginous, muscular tube that functions in transporting O2 into and out of the lungs.
-Posterior section is made of muscle tissue
-Anterior portion is C-shaped rings of cartilage
-Lined with epithelial tissue
Trachea
Fibromuscular, cartilaginous tubes leading from the trachea into the lungs.
-Lined with epithelial tissue
-Primary lead into smaller secondary ___
-Secondary branch into bronchioles
-Bronchioles eventually lead to alveoli within the lungs
Bronchi
Small air sacs at the end of the bronchial tree that function in gas exchange between O2 and CO2
-Surrounded by a network of blood capillaries that lead back to the pulmonary artery
-Respiratory membrane on the ___ is very thin so that blood cells can pass through the capillaries
Alveoli
What is the Alveolar process?
- Inhalation occurs
- O2 makes it’s way to the alveoli
- O2 enters the blood stream
- Exhalation occurs
- CO2 leaves the red blood cells and enter the alveoli
6.CO2 is exhaled
Spongy organs in the thoracic cavity that function in inhalation and exhalation on a gross scale and gas exchange between CO2 and O2 on a microscopic scale
-Right is larger than left and has three lobes
-Left is samller and has two lobes (to account for the heart)
-Lobes are divided by grooves called fissures
-Sections may be referred to as bronchopulmonary segments
Lungs
1.Superior, narrow portion
2.Broad, inferior portion
3. Where the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and bronchi enter the lungs
4. The membrane surrounding each lung
5. Adheres directly to the lung
6. Adheres to the thoracic wall. diaphragm, ect
- Apex
- Base
- Hilum
- Pleura
- Visceral pleura
- Parietal pleura
