Urinary/renal system 3 Flashcards
What is transitional epithelium
Stratified rounded cells
Flattened and stretched - protection
What are the ureters
Slender tubes carry urine from kidney to bladder
Where is the Ureters located
Arise from each renal pelvis at hilum - descends retroperitoneally through abdomen
What moves urine to bladder
Peristaltic waves
What are the three layers of the ureter
Transitional epithelium
Muscularis (inner longitudinal and outer circular)
Adventitia - outer - fibrous connective tissue
What is on the inner surface of the ureter
Folded protective protein plaques
What acts as a sphincter/valve to the ureter
A the bladder increases pressure it compresses it and prevents backflow
Where are the ureter in relation to the bladder
Run obliquely through wall of bladder at its posterolateral corners
Describe the bladder
Collapsible muscular sac - stores and expels urine - with rugae
How do the rugae affect bladder expansion
The bladder expands without great increase in pressure
What does the urethra do
carries urine out of the bladder
What is the trigone
Triangular region between 2 openings of ureters and the urethra - can pool
Describe an empty bladder
Pyramidal - within pelvis
Describe full bladder
Spherical - Expands superiorly into abdominal cavity - palpated above pubic symphysis
Where is the male bladder located
Anterior to rectum
Superior to prostate
Where is the female bladder located
Anterior to vagina and uterus
Describe the bladder wall
Rugae - expansion
Mucosa - transitional epithelium
What is the detrusor
Thick smooth muscle layer in bladder wall - longitudinal, circular and oblique fibres - contracts to expel
Describe the urethra
Thin walled muscular tube - drains urine from bladder
Describe the epithelium changes in the urethra
Transitional - near bladder
Columnar
Mucus glands - protect epithelium from urine
Describe the female urethra
Short
Separate from reproductive system
Describe the male urethra
Long
Part of reproductive system
Initial section surrounded by prostate
What are the three sections of the male urethra
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy/penile
What are the two urethral sphincter
Internal
external
Describe the internal urethral/urinary sphincter
Junction of bladder and urethra
Detrusor muscle
Involuntary control
Describe the external urethral/urinary sphincter
Located where urethra passes through urogenital diaphragm
Skeletal muscle - voluntary control
Describe how urination happens
AP from stretch receptors to brain - conscious relaxation of external sphincter
Why does urgency increase
Signals increase
